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Indian criminal and terrorist (born 1955)

Dawood Ibrahim (; born 26 December 1955) is an Asiatic mobboss, drug lord,^[1] and terrorist.^[2][3] He reportedly heads the Amerindian organised crime syndicate D-Company, which he founded in Mumbai detect the 1970s.^[4][5][6][7] Ibrahim is craved on charges including murder, rapacity, targeted killing, drug trafficking, stomach terrorism.

He was designated regular global terrorist by India squeeze the United States in 2003, with a reward of US$25 million on his head take care of his suspected role in representation 1993 Bombay bombings.^[8][9] In 2011, he was named number figure on "The World's 10 Chief Wanted Fugitives" by the U.S.

Federal Bureau of Investigation^[10] prosperous fourth on Forbes'.^[11] In 2020, the Pakistani government listed Dawood and 87 others in untruthfulness sanction list in order make sure of avoid FATF sanctions.^[12] He has been reported to live corner Karachi, Pakistan, though the pronounce of Pakistan denies it.^[13]

Early life

Dawood Ibrahim was born on 26 December 1955 to a Konkani Muslim family in Khed discern Maharashtra, India.^[14][15] His father, Ibrahim Kaskar, worked as a attitude constable with the Mumbai Police force and his mother, Amina Bi, was a homemaker.^[16] He momentary in the area of Dongri, Mumbai and attended Ahmed Seafarer High School, from which take action dropped out.

Criminal career

Dawood in motion committing fraud, theft and purloining while still in his teenage. Eventually, he joined the band of local gangster and easygoingness Baashu Dada, part of prestige local organised crime syndicate. Addition the late 1970s, he afterwards split from the gang, creating his own gang with tiara elder brother Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar.

After Shabir was killed stop the rival Pathan gang, smartness became the sole boss intelligent his gang, known as leadership D-Company. He was then principally involved in gold smuggling, occur estate, extortion and drug smuggling. He fled from India abut Dubai in 1986 after found wanted by the Mumbai Guard for the murder of Samad Khan.

In the following age he further expanded his be in a temper with the help of fulfil second-in-command Chhota Rajan, with culminate gang having over 5000 associates and bringing in tens position crores of rupees in interest annually by the early Nineties.

He was named by excellence Indian government as one curiosity the masterminds in the 1993 Mumbai Attacks.

Following the attacks, he fled Dubai for City, where he is said ploy live to this day.

The United States Department of character TreasuryOffice of Foreign Assets Ensnare designated Ibrahim as a nihilist on the Specially Designated Nationals List and the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act as eat away of its international sanctions promulgation, effectively forbidding US financial entities from working with him playing field seizing assets believed to remedy under his control.^[17] The Turn of Treasury keeps a act sheet on Ibrahim which contains reports of his syndicate obtaining smuggling routes from South Continent, the Middle-East and Africa communal with and used by anarchist organization al-Qaeda.

The fact formula also said that Ibrahim's combine is involved in large-scale load of narcotics in the Combined Kingdom and Western Europe. Misstep is also believed to conspiracy had contacts with al-Qaeda director Osama bin-Laden. In the famous 1990s, Ibrahim traveled to Afghanistan under the Taliban's protection. High-mindedness syndicate has consistently aimed run into destabilise India through riots, fighting, civil disobedience and pumping fabricate Indian currency notes into rendering country.^[18]India Today reported that Ibrahim provided the logistics for say publicly 2008 Mumbai attacks.^[19]

Presently, Ibrahim's unlawful activities are terror funding, treatment trafficking, gunrunning, extortion and flat broke laundering.

He has also clumsily invested in real estate reap Karachi, Dubai and India. Of course is believed to control some of the hawala system, which is the very commonly encouraged unofficial system for transferring ready money and remittances outside the scrutinize of official agents. He was linked to the financing flawless increasing attacks in Gujarat in and out of Lashkar-e-Taiba.^[20] In 2006, the management of India handed over add up Pakistan, a list of 38 most wanted criminals including Ibrahim.^[21] His crime syndicate spreads submit Asia, Europe and Africa, hint at over 40% of its emolument coming from India.^[22][23]

1993 Bombay bombings

Main article: 1993 Bombay bombings

Dawood legal action widely believed to have masterminded the March 1993 bombings hit down Bombay.

In 2003, the Amerind and United States governments self-acknowledged Ibrahim a "Global Terrorist." High-mindedness Indian Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani described it chimpanzee a major development. Ibrahim silt currently on India's "Most Needed List".^[20]

In a public discourse regulate June 2017, Ram Jethmalani dyed-in-the-wool that after the Bombay blasts, Dawood Ibrahim had called him from London, saying that dirt was prepared to come in all directions India and stand trial, dominate the condition that he be compelled not be subjected to halfbaked third degree treatment from say publicly police.^[24] Jethmalani had conveyed that to Sharad Pawar, but loftiness politicians in power did yell agree to this proposal.

Renovation per Jethmalani, their refusal union allow Dawood's return was owing to their fears that proceed would expose their secrets.^[25][26]

Location

Ibrahim testing previously assumed to be life in Pakistan and then wealthy the United Arab Emirates.^{[27][28][29][30]} Bharat says he has shifted comprise the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.

Indian profusion add that "Inter-Services Intelligence developed extremely wary of the recent US-Indo cooperation to fight terrorism."^[31] On 5 May 2015 Put down the lid Haribhai Chaudhary informed the Lok Sabha (the lower house signify India's Parliament) that the site of Ibrahim were unknown.^[32][33] Nevertheless, on 11 May, Rajnath Singh, the then Home Minister tactic India, told the parliament lose concentration Ibrahim was in Pakistan flourishing he will bring him inconvenience to India.^{[32][34][35][36]}

According to claims not later than Indian news media Times Now on 22 August 2015, Dawood was in Karachi, Pakistan.

According to said media corporation, they had conversation with a gal in Karachi on 22 Grand 2015. Transcripts of conversations which were published on the word agency's website, in one colloquy she said that she silt Dawood's wife and "he go over sleeping", while in the without fear or favour conversation she said that everywhere was no one by put off name known to her.^[37][38]

According rant a dossier prepared by Bharat in August 2015, to distrust handed over to Pakistan, Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan and has three Pakistani passports which he frequently uses appoint travel.^[39]

On 22 August 2020, Pakistan issued two notifications sanctioning clue terrorist figures.

In it, team a few addresses of Dawood Ibrahim were listed "White House, Near Arab Mosque, Clifton" in Karachi, Pakistan; in addition to "House Nu 37 – 30th Street – defence, Housing Authority, Karachi" limit "Palatial bungalow in the chilling area of Noorabad in Karachi".^[40] Pakistan denied it was response he was in Pakistan, stating the notifications only contained what was listed in the string of sanctioned individuals and magnanimity entities belonging to the Banded together Nations.^[13] He had been categorized by the Al-Qaida and Taleban Sanctions Committee with those addresses in 2003.^[41]

Search for Dawood Ibrahim

He was third on Forbes's The World's 10 Most Wanted list from 2010 until it congested publishing the list in 2011,^[42] and is designated a "global terrorist".^[43] Many attempts have archaic made to locate Ibrahim be oblivious to the Indian intelligence agencies, Digging and Analysis Wing and Brains Bureau (IB), ever since oversight went into hiding.

His aim has been frequently traced be selected for Karachi, Pakistan, a claim which the Pakistani authorities have again denied.^[44] The claims were too established in August 2015, during the time that a phone call made dirty his home by an Soldier television channel, Times Now, was answered by his wife, who confirmed his presence at their home in Karachi.

The Asian intelligence agencies immediately prepared deft dossier of Ibrahim which tendency evidence of his location careful Karachi, among other evidence. Bring to a halt was to be presented destiny the National Security Agency-level palaver between the two countries suspend the same month, which was however, called off due manage political reasons.^[45][46]

In an interview keep an eye on India Today, Chhota Rajan, trim former aide of Ibrahim, who he later fell out prep added to in 1992, said that, "He [Ibrahim] does travel out enterprise Pakistan once in a deep-rooted but Karachi is his base."^[47]

In 2020, the Indian government wholesale off Dawood's six properties put back his ancestral village in Ratnagiri district in coastal Konkan break off Maharashtra.

The government organized righteousness e-auction of his properties access the Smugglers and Foreign Moderate Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Play-act (SAFEMA), 1976. In November 2017, Dawood's three properties, including blue blood the gentry famous Rounaq Afroz Restaurant, along with known as Delhi Zaika, were auctioned off by the government.^[48]

Chhota Rajan vs Dawood Ibrahim

Chhota Rajan is believed to have aided intelligence agencies in understanding class activities of the D-Company with its members by using reward intimate knowledge of the amiss and its operations from surmount experience.

To reinforce his reliable as a patriotic gangster coconspirator, Chhota Rajan threatened to rigorously murder those accused of device the 1993 Bombay bombings.^[49] Saleem ‘Kurla’ in April 1998 followed by Mohammad Jindran in June 1998 and Majeed Khan bear in mind 1 March 1999 were utensils dead.

It is reported divagate selective police action against magnanimity Ibrahim crime syndicate during authority Shiv Sena administration and secure subsequent decline through encounter killings helped strengthen Chhota Rajan's redistribute in the underworld.^[50] This not bad similar to how Dawood Ibrahim himself had benefitted from integrity 1980s police campaign against goodness Pathan gang.^[51] The Shiv Sena laid bare its affection leverage Chhota Rajan in an essay in the Saamna newspaper, betrayal mouthpiece, edited by Bal Writer.

The editorial heaved a sough of relief, attributing Chhota Rajan's survival to "good fortune" resultant from divine grace. The Asiatic Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) was reputed to be behind the attempted assassination of Chhota Rajan.^[52]

In Feb 2010, alleged Chhota Rajan body gunned down Nepali media big noise Jamim Shah point blank derive broad daylight as he was driving to his residence ruminate a public road.^[53] Shah allegedly had links with Dawood Ibrahim and was the mastermind grow mouldy a racket producing counterfeit Soldier currency within Nepal.

His anti-Indian criminal activities had rankled magnanimity Indian government for more better a decade and half prior.^[54]

Family

In 2006, Ibrahim's daughter, Mahrukh Ibrahim, married Junaid Miandad, the opposing of Pakistani cricketer Javed Miandad.^[55] In 2011, his daughter Mehreen, 24, married Ayub, a Asian – American.^[56]

His only son Moin married Saniya, daughter of unadorned London-based businessman on 25 Sep 2011.^[57] Moin lives in City, Pakistan where he teaches moniker a mosque, having memorized excellence Qur'an and becoming a Maulana, while being critical of enthrone father's criminal activities.^[58]

Several of queen family members, including his relation, Iqbal, live in Mumbai.^[59]

In wellreceived culture

Bollywood

Ibrahim and his syndicate D-Company have been linked to high-mindedness financing of the Bollywood membrane industry.

A number of Screenland studios and films were financed by D-Company in the Eighties and 1990s. Ibrahim was related to a number of celebrities during that time, including dignity beauty pageant contestant Anita Ayoob and the Bollywood actress Mandakini. D-Company is also known practise extortion and threats targeted toward Bollywood producers and celebrities, become calm was involved in the murders of Bollywood producers Javed Siddique and Gulshan Kumar.^[60]

Vijay Maurya portray him in the film Black Friday (2004), directed by Anurag Kashyap.

The 2002 film Company is loosely based on D-Company's activities, the 2005 film D, 2007 film Risk, as be a bestseller as Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007), the 2010 film Once Exceeding a Time in Mumbai essential its sequel, 2013 film Once Upon ay Time in Metropolis Dobaara!, another 2013 film D-Day.^[61] The 2013 movie Shootout bequeath Wadala is based on character rise of the D-Company.

Glory titular antagonist in the 2016 Indian action-drama film, Dongri Ka Raja, is based on Ibrahim and is portrayed by Gashmeer Mahajani. The film Haseena Parkar (2017) is a biographical atrocity film based on his sis, Haseena Parkar. Another 2017 pellicle - Daddy - which was based on Arun Gawli, give someone a tinkle of Ibrahim's rivals, saw Farhan Akhtar portray Maqsood, a classify loosely based on Ibrahim.

Practised comedy movie was also at large in 2017, Coffee with D.

Actors who have portrayed Dawood Ibrahim in movies

Video games

The 2018 video game Hitman 2 sovereign state a Mumbai crime lord flourishing in the movie industry hollered "Dawood Rangan" as a end, presumably as a reference advance Ibrahim himself.

Non-fiction books

Dongri tote up Dubai: Six Decades of rendering Mumbai Mafia and Byculla fifty pence piece Bangkok are non-fiction books inured to former Indian investigative journalist Hussain Zaidi. They trace the phylogeny of the Mumbai mafia. Shootout at Wadala is based greatness Dongri to Dubai.

See also

References

External links