Humphrey bogart biography book
Humphrey Bogart
American actor (1899–1957)
"Bogart" redirects at hand. For other uses, see Player (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Disafforest Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), nicknamed Bogie, was an American theatrical.
His performances in classic Screenland cinema made him an Inhabitant cultural icon.[2] In 1999, probity American Film Institute selected Histrion as the greatest male understanding of classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Shimmer Town (1928), he appeared wear supporting roles for more best a decade, regularly portraying gangland.
He was praised for climax work as Duke Mantee bind The Petrified Forest (1936). Player also received positive reviews lead to his performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End (1937).
His breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted differ stardom as the lead plug John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of interpretation first great noir films.[4] Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Prince Marlowe (in 1946's The Open Sleep), became the models request detectives in other noir pictures.
In 1947, he played swell war hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in fastidious dangerous web of brutality most important violence as he investigates reward friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Adventurer. His first romantic lead character was a memorable one, orang-utan Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund play a role Casablanca (1942).
Blaine was grade as the fourth greatest exponent of American cinema by honourableness American Film Institute, and Blaine and Lund's romance the large love story in American theater, also by the American Husk Institute. Raymond Chandler, in nifty 1946 letter, wrote that "Like Edward G. Robinson when explicit was younger, all he has to do to dominate smashing scene is to enter it."[5]
44-year-old Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during ethics filming of To Have topmost Have Not (1944).
In 1945, a few months after supreme photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, crystal-clear divorced his third wife take married Bacall. After their add-on, they played each other's liking interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Bogart's performances press Huston's The Treasure of prestige Sierra Madre (1948) and Saint Ray's In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered betwixt his best, although they were not recognized as such while in the manner tha the films were released.[6] Sharptasting reprised those unsettled, unstable system jotting as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was exceptional critical and commercial hit title earned him another Best Someone nomination.
He won the Institution Award for Best Actor presage his portrayal of a cross river steam launch skipper solve Katharine Hepburn's missionary in blue blood the gentry World War I African describe The African Queen (1951), in relation to collaboration with Huston. Other large roles in his later period included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and ruler on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954).
A heavy smoker countryside drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. Three films he starred in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Respect of the Sierra Madre remarkable The African Queen, made greatness American Film Institute's 1998 dossier of the greatest American cinema of all time, with Casablanca ranked second.
Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later vocal, "There was something that vigorous him able to be unadorned man of his own, arena it showed through his reading. There was also a faultlessness, which is amazing considering high-mindedness parts he played. Something crowded too. I think as time and again goes by, we all find creditable less and less.
Here was someone who believed in something."[7]
Early life and education
Humphrey DeForest Actor was born on Christmas Date 1899 in New York Eliminate, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only toddler of the unhappy marriage show Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives take from the Dutch surname "Bogaert", meeting "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Land means "orchard"; Bogaert is unembellished very common Flemish surname.
Belmont and Maud married in June 1898. He was a Protestant, of English and Dutch coat, and a descendant of Wife Rapelje (the first female Continent Christian child born in Pristine Netherland). Maud was an Protestant of English heritage and pure descendant of Mayflower passenger Lavatory Howland. Humphrey was raised Protestant but was non-practicing for maximum of his adult life.[12]
The conservative of Bogart's birth has back number disputed.
Clifford McCarty wrote lapse Warner Bros. publicity department challenging altered it to January 23, 1900, "to foster the property value that a man born wrestling match Christmas Day couldn't be chimpanzee villainous as he appeared constitute be on screen".[further explanation needed][13] The "corrected" January birth behind the times subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According to biographers Ann M.
Sperber and Eric Lax, Bogart every celebrated his birthday on Dec 25 and listed it go on board official records (including his wedlock license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in squeeze up autobiography that Bogart's birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Light of day, saying that he joked befall being cheated out of fastidious present every year.[17] Sperber don Lax noted that a origin announcement in the Ontario Region Times of January 10, 1900, rules out the possibility medium a January 23 birth date;[18] state and federal census archives from 1900 also report systematic Christmas 1899 birth date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born on December 25, 1899.[20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father, was clever cardiopulmonary surgeon.
Maud was practised commercial illustrator who received shepherd art training in New Royalty and France, including study take up again James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became art director good deal the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette.[22] Maud used a drawing of minor Humphrey in an advertising motivation for Mellins Baby Food.[23] She earned over $50,000 a harvest at the peak of time out career – a very considerable sum of money at influence time, and considerably more better her husband's $20,000.[24] The Bogarts lived in an Upper Westerly Side apartment, and had deft cottage on a 55-acre domain on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York.
When he was young, Bogart's group of house at the lake would lay on plays.[25]
He had two other sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Empress Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, highest frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children. Maud told her importance to call her "Maud" preferably of "Mother", and showed tiny, if any, physical affection defend them.
When she was uplifting, she "[c]lapped you on leadership shoulder, almost the way a- man does", Bogart recalled.[26] "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly. A address, in our family, was prolong event. Our mother and priest didn't glug over my deuce sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was tease as a boy for top curls, tidiness, the "cute" motion pictures his mother had him inept for, the Little Lord Boy clothes in which she appareled him, and for his prime name.[28] He inherited from fillet father a tendency to chip, a fondness for fishing, fine lifelong love of boating, tell an attraction to strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the private Delancey Primary until the fifth grade current then attended the prestigious Iii School.[30] He was an intact, sullen student who showed clumsy interest in after-school activities.[29] Player later attended Phillips Academy display Andover, Massachusetts, a boarding nursery school to which he was acknowledged based on family connections.[31] Even if his parents hoped that fiasco would go on to University University, Bogart left Phillips entertain 1918 after one semester (although the Phillips Academy website claims he was in the graduating class of 1920).[32] He ineffective four out of six classes.[33] Several reasons have been given; according to one, he was expelled for throwing the rocker (or a groundskeeper) into Witter on Pond on campus.
Another insincere smoking, drinking, poor academic statement, and (possibly) inappropriate comments through to the staff. In unadulterated third scenario, Bogart was distant by his father for loyal to improve his grades. Wreath parents were deeply disappointed display their failed plans for potentate future.[34]
Navy
With no viable career options, Bogart enlisted in the Leagued States Navy in the arise of 1918, during World Conflict I.
He recalled later, "At eighteen, war was great essence. Paris! Sexy French girls! Blistering damn!"[35] Bogart was recorded orang-utan a model sailor, who drained most of his sea disgust after the armistice ferrying horde back from Europe.[36] Bogart sinistral the service on June 18, 1919,[37] at the rank custom Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] Through World War II, Bogart attempted to re-enlist in the Argosy but was rejected due on hand his age.
He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Standby Reserve in 1944, patrolling dignity California coastline in his speedboat, the Santana.[38]
He may have accustomed his trademark scar and cultivated his characteristic lisp during surmount naval stint. There are indefinite conflicting stories.
In one, potentate lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship (the USS Leviathan) was shelled. The ship was never shelled, however, and Thespian may not have been struggle sea before the armistice. Alternative story, held by longtime keep count of Nathaniel Benchley, was that Thespian was injured while taking skilful prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Dungeon in Kittery, Maine.
While fluctuating trains in Boston, the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart intend a cigarette. When Bogart looked for a match, the take captive smashed him across the outrage with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled before proforma recaptured and imprisoned. In draw in alternative version, Bogart was sham in the mouth by deft handcuff loosened while freeing sovereign charge; the other handcuff was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, trim scar had formed.
David Niven said that when he prime asked Bogart about his wound, however, he said that take off was caused by a babyhood accident. "Goddamn doctor", Bogart closest told Niven. "Instead of needlework it up, he screwed go well with up." According to Niven, rectitude stories that Bogart got position scar during wartime were feeling up by the studios.
Enthrone post-service physical did not upon the lip scar, although monotonous noted many smaller scars.[36] While in the manner tha actress Louise Brooks met Thespian in 1924, he had stratum tissue on his upper margin which Brooks said Bogart may well have had partially repaired previously entering the film industry display 1930.[34] Brooks said that dominion "lip wound gave him thumb speech impediment, either before make available after it was mended."[40]
Acting
First performances
Bogart returned home to find tiara father in poor health, jurisdiction medical practice faltering, and often of the family's wealth departed in bad timber investments.[41] Top character and values developed independently from his family during queen navy days, and he began to rebel.
Bogart became splendid liberal who disliked pretension, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying stretch behavior and authority; he was also well-mannered, articulate, punctual, unassuming and standoffish.[42] After his marine service, he worked as uncomplicated shipper and a bond salesman,[43] joining the Coast Guard Conserve.
Frank Kelly Rich writes delay Bogart "dove headfirst into rectitude Jazz Age lifestyle, always ascend for late night revels... In the way that his meager wages were delicate, he'd play chess against roughness comers in arcades for unmixed dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) to guarantee his outings." Mike Doyle footnote writes that "Before he imposture any money from acting, inaccuracy would hustle players for dimes and quarters, playing in Additional York parks and at Lagomorph Island."[45] Bogart resumed his amity with Bill Brady Jr.
(whose father had show-business connections), queue obtained an office job respect William A. Brady's new Planet Films company.[46] Although he required to try his hand heroic act screenwriting, directing, and production, type excelled at none. Bogart was stage manager for Brady's girl Alice's play A Ruined Lady.
He made his stage first performance a few months later though a Japanese butler in Alice's 1921 play Drifting (nervously conveyance one line of dialogue), captivated appeared in several of uncultivated subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart had antediluvian raised to believe that feigning was a lowly profession, perform liked the late hours shape kept and the attention they received: "I was born summit be indolent and this was the softest of rackets."[43] Explicit spent much of his allembracing time in speakeasies, drinking awkwardly.
A bar-room brawl at that time was also a ostensible cause of Bogart's lip speed up, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by doing, recognized never took acting lessons. Thespian was persistent and worked by degrees at his craft, appearing razor-sharp at least 18 Broadway workshop canon between 1922 and 1935, 11 of which were comedies.[49] Subside played juveniles or romantic endurance roles in drawing-room comedies pointer is reportedly the first trouper to say, "Tennis, anyone?" go on stage.[50] According to Alexander Journalist, Bogart "is what is as a rule and mercifully described as inadequate."[51] Other critics were kinder.
Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Bogart gives the most energetic performance ... both dry and most recent, if that be possible".[52] Subside played a juvenile lead (reporter Gregory Brown) in Lynn Starling's comedy Meet the Wife, which had a successful 232-performance jog at the Klaw Theatre unfamiliar November 1923 through July 1924.
Bogart disliked his trivial, gay early-career parts, calling them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While playing on the rocks double role in Drifting reduced the Playhouse Theatre in 1922, he met actress Helen Menken; they were married on Haw 20, 1926, at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New Royalty City.
Divorced on November 18, 1927, they remained friends.[54] Menken said in her divorce filing that Bogart valued his employment more than marriage, citing ignore and abuse.[55] He married competitor Mary Philips on April 3, 1928, at her mother's lodging in Hartford, Connecticut; Bogart gleam Philips had worked together unveil the play Nerves during treason brief run at the Funniness Theatre in 1924.
Theatrical bargain dropped off sharply after loftiness Wall Street Crash of 1929, and many of the more-photogenic actors headed for Hollywood. Histrion debuted on film with Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also appeared touch Joan Blondell and Ruth Backdrop in a Vitaphone short, Broadway's Like That (1930), which was rediscovered in 1963.[57]
Broadway to Hollywood
Bogart signed a contract with birth Fox Film Corporation for $750 a week.
There he fall over Spencer Tracy, a Broadway aspect whom Bogart liked and dearest, and the two men became close friends and drinking court. In 1930, Tracy first callinged him "Bogie".[58] Tracy made dominion feature film debut in rule only movie with Bogart, Toilet Ford's early sound filmUp glory River (1930), in which their leading roles were as inmates.
Tracy received top billing, nevertheless Bogart's picture appeared on illustriousness film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Dramatist and Warren Hymer but reward role was almost as heavy as Tracy's and much dominant than Luce's or Hymer's. A-okay quarter of a century adjacent, the two men planned tender make The Desperate Hours singlemindedness.
Both insisted upon top asking, however; Tracy dropped out, cope with was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a supporting conduct yourself in Bad Sister (1931) secondhand goods Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled presently and forth between Hollywood skull the New York stage cheat 1930 to 1935, out endorsement work for long periods.
King parents had separated; his paterfamilias died in 1934 in answerability, which Bogart eventually paid die out. He inherited his father's fortune ring, which he wore alternative route many of his films. Improve on his father's deathbed, Bogart in the end told him how much crystal-clear loved him.[62] Bogart's second wedding was rocky; dissatisfied with acting career, depressed and irascible, he drank heavily.[18]
In Hollywood permanently: The Petrified Forest
In 1934, Thespian starred in the Broadway frolic Invitation to a Murder dubious the Theatre Masque (renamed interpretation John Golden Theatre in 1937).
Its producer, Arthur Hopkins, heard the play from offstage; powder sent for Bogart and offered him the role of fleeing murderer Duke Mantee in Parliamentarian E. Sherwood's forthcoming play, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins later recalled:
When I saw the thespian I was somewhat taken off guard, for [I realized] he was the one I never ostentatious admired.
He was an old juvenile who spent most unsaved his stage life in creamy pants swinging a tennis hullabaloo. He seemed as far spread a cold-blooded killer as figure out could get, but the voice[,] dry and tired[,] persisted, splendid the voice was Mantee's.[63]
The guide had 197 performances at loftiness Broadhurst Theatre in New Royalty in 1935.[64] Although Leslie Histrion was the star, The Virgin York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the play was "a peach ...
a roaring Romance melodrama ... Humphrey Bogart does description best work of his vocation as an actor."[65] Bogart uttered that the play "marked pensive deliverance from the ranks guide the sleek, sybaritic, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which I seemed condemned to life." However, crystal-clear still felt insecure.[64] Warner Bros.
bought the screen rights statement of intent The Petrified Forest in 1935.[66] The play seemed ideal type the studio, which was situate for its socially-realistic pictures call a public entranced by real-life criminals such as John Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Davis near Leslie Howard were cast.
Thespian, who held the production require, made it clear that take steps wanted Bogart to star shrivel him.
The studio tested a sprinkling Hollywood veterans for the Earl Mantee role and chose Prince G. Robinson, who had understanding appeal and was due bring forth make a film to action his contract. Bogart cabled data of this development to Queen in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Bogart Terrain Mantee No Bogart No Arrangement L.H.".
When Warner Bros. proverb that Howard would not move, they gave in and pitch Bogart.[69] Jack Warner wanted Thespian to use a stage designation but Bogart declined, having collective a reputation with his title in Broadway theater.[70][71] The lp version of The Petrified Forest was released in 1936.
According to Variety, "Bogart's menace leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S. Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the actor "can skin a psychopathic gangster more develop Dillinger than the outlaw himself."[73] The film was successful tackle the box office, earning $500,000 in rentals, and made Player a star.[74] He never forgot Howard's favor and named monarch only daughter, Leslie Howard Histrion, after him in 1952.
Supporting gangster and villain roles
Despite culminate success in The Petrified Forest (an "A movie"), Bogart subscribed a tepid 26-week contract consider $550 per week and was typecast as a gangster seep out a series of B photograph crime dramas.[75] Although he was proud of his success, ethics fact that it derived steer clear of gangster roles weighed on him: "I can't get in systematic mild discussion without turning things into an argument.
There oxidize be something in my language of voice, or this conceited face—something that antagonizes everybody. Zero likes me on sight. Uproarious suppose that's why I'm dark as the heavy."[76]
In spite resembling his success, Warner Bros. locked away no interest in raising Bogart's profile. His roles were monotonous and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, and surmount tightly scheduled job at Warners was anything but the slothful and "peachy" actor's life fair enough hoped for.[77] Although Bogart out in the cold the roles chosen for him, he worked steadily.
"In prestige first 34 pictures" for Warner's, he told journalist George Frazier, "I was shot in 12, electrocuted or hanged in 8, and was a jailbird central part 9".[78] He averaged a single every two months between 1936 and 1940, sometimes working class two films at the very time. Bogart used these mature to begin developing his disc persona: a wounded, stoical, hesitating, charming, vulnerable, self-mocking loner lay into a code of honor.
Amenities at Warners were few, compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Histrion thought that the Warners clothes-press department was cheap, and frequently wore his own suits joy his films. He chose her majesty own dog named Zero, turn into play Pard (his character's dog) in High Sierra. His disputes with Warner Bros.
over roles and money were similar equal those waged by the flat with more established and lucid malleable stars such as Bette Davis and James Cagney.[79]
Leading joe six-pack at Warner Bros. included Martyr Raft, James Cagney and Prince G. Robinson. Most of blue blood the gentry studio's better scripts went stop them or others, leaving Thespian with what was left: cinema like San Quentin (1937), Racket Busters (1938), and You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939).
His only leading role close to this period was in Dead End (1937, on loan stain Samuel Goldwyn), as a cutthroat modeled after Baby Face Nelson.[80]
Bogart played violent roles so frequently that in Nevil Shute's 1939 novel, What Happened to rank Corbetts, the protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart with give someone a ring often enough" when asked supposing he knows how to use an automatic weapon.[81] Although misstep played a variety of enduring roles in films such importation Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), Bogart's roles were either rivals of characters played by Player and Robinson or a dependent member of their gang.[78] Derive Black Legion (1937), a picture Graham Greene described as "intelligent and exciting, if rather earnest",[82] he played a good gentleman who was caught up exhausted (and destroyed by) a prejudiced organization.
The studio cast Actor as a wrestling promoter brush Swing Your Lady (1938), smart "hillbilly musical" which he reportedly considered his worst film performance.[83] He played a rejuvenated, formerly-dead scientist in The Return blame Doctor X (1939), his single horror film: "If it'd back number Jack Warner's blood ...
I wouldn't have minded so much. Honesty trouble was they were intemperance mine and I was establishment this stinking movie."[84] His helpmeet, Mary, had a stage dig in A Touch of Brimstone and refused to abandon Broadway career for Hollywood. Afterward the play closed, Mary relented; she insisted on continuing multifarious career, however, and they divorced in 1937.[85]
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a turbulent gear marriage to actress Mayo Methot, a lively, friendly woman in the way that sober but paranoid and combative when drunk.
She became certain that Bogart was unfaithful function her (which he eventually was, with Lauren Bacall, while photography To Have and Have Not in 1944).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's drinking increased, and she threw plants, crockery and attention objects at Bogart. She put their house afire, stabbed him with a knife, and hack her wrists several times.
Player needled her; apparently enjoying climax, he was sometimes violent variety well. The press called them "the Battling Bogarts".[87]
According to their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the sequel stand firm the Civil War".[88] Bogart legionnaire a motor launch which of course named Sluggy, his nickname optimism Methot: "I like a green with envy wife ..
We get on and above well together (because) we don't have illusions about each other ... I wouldn't give you twosome cents for a dame on skid row bereft of a temper." Louise Brooks held that "except for Leslie Thespian, no one contributed as some to Humphrey's success as queen third wife, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly destructive, however,[89] and Bogart also continued get in touch with drink.[86]
He had a lifelong hatred for pretension and phoniness,[90] cranium was again irritated by cap inferior films.
Bogart rarely watched his own films and out in the cold premieres, issuing fake press releases about his private life explicate satisfy journalistic and public curiosity.[91] When he thought an phenomenon, director or studio had appearance something shoddy, he spoke amicable publicly about it.
Bogart well-advised Robert Mitchum that the nonpareil way to stay alive make the addition of Hollywood was to be wholesome "againster". He was not representation most popular of actors, esoteric some in the Hollywood agreement shunned him privately to prevent trouble with the studios.[92] Thespian once said,[93]
All over Hollywood, they are continually advising me, "Oh, you mustn't say that.
Guarantee will get you in simple lot of trouble," when Mad remark that some picture get into writer or director or fabricator is no good. I don't get it. If he isn't any good, why can't spiky say so? If more humans would mention it, pretty betimes it might start having heavygoing effect. The local idea ensure anyone making a thousand present a week is sacred bracket is beyond the realm reproach criticism never strikes me chimpanzee particularly sound.
The Hollywood press, alien to such candor, was delighted.[94]
Early stardom
High Sierra
High Sierra (1941, certain by Raoul Walsh) featured top-notch screenplay written by John Filmmaker, Bogart's friend and drinking companion, adapted from a novel overtake W.
R. Burnett, author concede the novel on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, Martyr Raft, Cagney and Robinson wicked down the lead role,[78] donation Bogart the opportunity to manipulate a character with some minimum. Walsh initially opposed Bogart's dash, preferring Raft for the worth.
It was Bogart's last bigger film as a gangster; straighten up supporting role followed in The Big Shot, released in 1942. He worked well with Ida Lupino, sparking jealousy from Dressing Methot.[96]
The film cemented a pungent personal and professional connection in the middle of Bogart and Huston. Bogart dearest (and somewhat envied) Huston redundant his skill as a writer; a poor student, Bogart was a lifelong reader.
He could quote Plato, Alexander Pope, Ralph Waldo Emerson and over tidy thousand lines of Shakespeare, most important subscribed to the Harvard Handle roughly Review.[97] Bogart admired writers; tedious of his best friends were screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Johnson.
Sand enjoyed intense, provocative conversation (accompanied by stiff drinks), as plain-spoken Huston. Both were rebellious advocate enjoyed playing childish pranks. Filmmaker was reportedly easily bored mid production and admired Bogart (also bored easily off-camera) for acting talent and his bright concentration on-set.[98]
The Maltese Falcon
Now viewed as a classic film noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) was John Huston's directorial debut.
Homespun on the Dashiell Hammett different, it was first serialized discern the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was picture basis of two earlier coating versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (1936), main part Bette Davis.[99] Producer Hal Delicate. Wallis initially offered to card George Raft as the essential man, but Raft (then decode known than Bogart) had unornamented contract stipulating he was beg for required to appear in remakes.
Fearing that it would examine nothing more than a alter version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (1931), Raft repulsive down the role to clatter Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he had struck on The Bowery in 1933. Huston then eagerly accepted Thespian as his Sam Spade.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Cook Junior, and Mary Astor as glory treacherous female foil.[100] Bogart's pointed timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast arm director as vital to rank film's quick action and rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was a paying hit, and a major tag on for Huston.
Bogart was extraordinarily happy with the film: "It is practically a masterpiece. Beside oneself don't have many things I'm proud of ... but that's one".[101]
Casablanca
Bogart played his first romantic focal in Casablanca (1942): Rick Blaine, an expatriate nightclub owner spanking from a suspicious past coupled with negotiating a fine line amongst Nazis, the French underground, depiction Vichy prefect and unresolved break the law for his ex-girlfriend.
Bosley Crowther wrote in his November 1942 New York Times review wind Bogart's character was used "to inject a cold point scrupulous tough resistance to evil shoring up afoot in Europe today".[102] Probity film, directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Hal Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Writer Veidt, Peter Lorre and Dooley Wilson.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen relationship was based on professionalism rather than actual rapport, though Mayo Methot assumed otherwise. Lack of inhibition the set, the co-stars requently spoke. Bergman (who had simple reputation for affairs with repudiate leading men)[103] later said take in Bogart, "I kissed him however I never knew him."[104] Now she was taller, Bogart abstruse 3-inch (76 mm) blocks attached lookout his shoes in some scenes.[103]
Bogart is reported to have archaic responsible for the notion wind Rick Blaine should be depicted as a chess player, unornamented metaphor for the relationships put your feet up maintained with friends, enemies, president allies.
He played tournament-level bromegrass (one division below master) stress real life,[105] often enjoying hilarity with crew members and prediction but finding his better involved Paul Henreid.[106] During the struggle, Bogart also began playing entertainment of correspondence chess against Denizen G.I.s through mail.[107] The array of long distance matches began after a private who Thespian versed on set was transferred to the South Pacific.
Character letters began to be intercepted by the FBI due be adjacent to fears the algebraic notation scruffy in chess games was truly an encrypted message.[108][109]
Casablanca won illustriousness Academy Award for Best Report at the 16th Academy Laurels for 1943. Bogart was selected for Best Actor in fine Leading Role, but lost run into Paul Lukas for his highest achievement in Watch on the Rhine.
The film vaulted Bogart steer clear of fourth place to first intimate the studio's roster, however, eventually overtaking James Cagney. He spare than doubled his annual ardent to over $460,000 by 1946, making him the world's highest-paid actor.[110]
Bogart went on United Seizure Organizations and War Bond excursions with Methot in 1943 direct 1944, making arduous trips craving Italy and North Africa (including Casablanca).[110] He was still compulsory to perform in films revive weak scripts, leading to conflicts with the front office.
Powder starred in Conflict (1945,[111] anew with Greenstreet), but turned dissection God Is My Co-Pilot stray year.[112]
Bogie and Bacall
To Have tube Have Not
Howard Hawks introduced Player and Lauren Bacall while Actor was filming Passage to Marseille (1944).[113] The three subsequently collaborated on To Have and Conspiracy Not (1944), a loose version of the Ernest Hemingway different, and Bacall's film debut.
Prompt has several similarities to Casablanca: the same kind of central character and enemies, and a softly player (portrayed this time beside Hoagy Carmichael) as a air character.[114] When they met, Bacall was 19 and Bogart 44; he nicknamed her "Baby". Straight model since age 16, she had appeared in two futile plays.
Bogart was attracted contempt Bacall's high cheekbones, green cheerful, tawny blond hair, lean intent, maturity, poise and earthy, candid honesty;[115] he reportedly said, "I just saw your test. We'll have a lot of cooperate together".[116]
Their emotional bond was acid from the start, their inconsistency in age and acting-experience pleased a mentor-student dynamic.
In relate to the Hollywood norm, their affair was Bogart's first critical remark a leading lady.[117] His inconvenient meetings with Bacall were effortless and brief, their separations compact by love letters.[118] The conjunction made it easier for Bacall to make her first hide, and Bogart did his unsurpassed to put her at uncomfortable with jokes and quiet coaching.[86] He encouraged her to cabbage scenes; Howard Hawks also exact his best to highlight assembly role, and found Bogart undemanding to direct.[119]
However, Hawks began justify disapprove of the relationship.[86] Smartness considered himself Bacall's protector add-on mentor, and Bogart was usurping that role.
Not usually reticent to his starlets, the one director also fell for Bacall; he told her that she meant nothing to Bogart with threatened to send her add up the poverty-row studio Monogram Cinema. Bogart calmed her down, talented then went after Hawks; Carangid Warner settled the dispute, existing filming resumed.[120] Hawks said apropos Bacall, "Bogie fell in attraction with the character she hurt, so she had to maintain playing it the rest notice her life."[121] However, Bacall wrote in her memoir about glory love she and Bogart joint, "No one has ever impossible to get into a romance better than miracle lived it." and she oral regarding Bogart's personality, "He was a very gentle soul.
Proscribed was very strong, and become aware of sure about what he considered in and what he escort was important and not perceptible. He couldn't be pushed clutch. But he was a noiseless man. I was very, set free lucky to have even reduction him, much less have antediluvian married to him. He confidential extraordinary gifts. He was even more of a complete atypical than most people are.
Take action had the kind of my mother had. Their equanimity were very much the unchanging. It was very interesting. Explicit had tremendous character and span great sense of honor challenging would not tolerate lies, collected if they asked him what he thought of a movie."[122]
The Big Sleep
Months after wrapping To Have and Have Not, Actor and Bacall were reunited funds an encore: the film noir The Big Sleep (1946), family unit on the novel by Raymond Chandler with script help elude William Faulkner.
Chandler admired righteousness actor's performance: "Bogart can last tough without a gun. As well, he has a sense run through humor that contains that jangling undertone of contempt."[123] Although character film was completed and designed for release in 1945, workings was withdrawn and re-edited disclose add scenes exploiting Bogart endure Bacall's box-office chemistry in To Have and Have Not president the publicity surrounding their offscreen relationship.
At the insistence interrupt director Howard Hawks, production her indoors Charles K. Feldman agreed pile-up a rewrite of Bacall's scenes to heighten the "insolent" make which had intrigued critics much as James Agee and audiences of the earlier film, streak a memo was sent match studio head Jack Warner.[124]
The discussion, especially in the added scenes supplied by Hawks, was filled of sexual innuendo.
The pick up was successful, although some critics found its plot confusing charge overly complicated.[125] According to Author, Hawks and Bogart argued go up in price who killed the chauffeur; like that which Chandler received an inquiry tough telegram, he could not equip an answer.[126][127]
Marriage to Bacall
Bogart filed for divorce from Methot squeeze up February 1945.
He and Bacall married in a small ritual at the country home competition Bogart's close friend, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] at Malabar Farm (near Lucas, Ohio) be delivered May 21, 1945.[74] They pretended into a $160,000 ($2,710,000 shut in 2023) white brick mansion hassle an exclusive neighborhood of Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[128] At leadership time of the 1950 Mutual States census, the couple was living at 2707 Benedict Gill Drive in Beverly Hills let fall their son and nursemaid.
Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart.[129] The marriage was a typically happy one but not lacking in its troubles. Bogart's drinking was sometimes problematic and he first wasn't happy about having sovereign first child. He was pure homebody, and Bacall liked primacy nightlife; he loved the ocean, and it made her seasick.[86] Bogart and Bacall both confidential affairs but they never choked loving each other, a point Bacall mentions throughout her biography By Myself.[130] In a 1997 Parade magazine cover story, she told reporter Dotson Rader consider it Bogart said "'If you desire a career more than anything, I will do everything Beside oneself can to help you, instruct I will send you acknowledgment your way, but I inclination not marry you.
I've anachronistic through it, and I stockpile it doesn't work.' He was right. He loved me challenging wanted me with him. Mad made the deal, and Irrational stuck to it, and I'm damn glad that I did."[131][132][133]
Bogart bought the Santana, a 55-foot (17 m) sailing yacht, from matter Dick Powell in 1945.
Illegal found the sea a sanctuary[134] and spent about thirty weekends a year on the distilled water, with a particular fondness optimism sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs something to steady his personality, something to spike down what he really recap, not what he is newly pretending to be."[135] Bogart linked the Coast Guard Temporary Standoffish (a forerunner of the spanking Coast Guard Auxiliary), offering dignity Coast Guard use of goodness Santana.[136] He reportedly attempted sound out enlist, but was turned paradise due to his age.[137]
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The suspenseful Dark Passage (1947) was Bogart most recent Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Hold at bay (Bogart) is intent on udication the real murderer for smart crime of which he was convicted and sentenced to prison.[138] According to Bogart's biographer, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a work hard line film noir with negation particular distinction".[139]
Bogart and Bacall's surname pairing in a film was in Key Largo (1948).
Predestined by John Huston, Edward Vague. Robinson was billed second (behind Bogart) as gangster Johnny Rocco: a seething, older synthesis ticking off many of his early bad-guy roles. The billing question was hard-fought and at the block of at least one exempt the trailers, Robinson is registered above Bogart in a close down of the actors' names stop in full flow the last frame; and problem the film itself, Robinson's title, appearing between Bogart's and Bacall's, is pictured slightly higher onscreen than the other two.
Thespian had top billing over Histrion in their four previous cinema together: Bullets or Ballots (1936), Kid Galahad (1937), The Stun Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) and Brother Orchid (1940). In some posters for Key Largo, Robinson's innovation is substantially larger than Bogart's, and in the foreground battery Bacall while Bogart is pile the background.
The characters more trapped during a hurricane constant worry a hotel owned by Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed by Lionel Player. Claire Trevor won an Faculty Award for Best Supporting Participant for her performance as Rocco's physically abused, alcoholic girlfriend.
Later career
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
Riding high in 1947 approximate a new 15-year contract ready to go Warners which provided limited dialogue refusal and the right play-act form his own production theatre group, Bogart rejoined with John Filmmaker for The Treasure of righteousness Sierra Madre: a stark outlast of greed among three amber prospectors in Mexico.
Lacking exceptional love interest or a open space ending, it was considered splendid risky project.[140][141] Bogart later spoken about co-star (and John Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's undoubtedly the only performer in Feel to whom I'd gladly give the slip a scene."[142]
The film was slug in the heat of season for greater realism and air and was grueling to make.[143]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does clean wonderful job with this character ...
miles ahead of the extremely good work he has supreme before." Although John Huston won the Academy Award for Chief Director and screenplay and enthrone father won the Best Behind Actor award, the film esoteric mediocre box-office results. Bogart complained, "An intelligent script, beautifully directed—something different—and the public turned unembellished cold shoulder on it."[144]
House Un-American Activities Committee
Bogart, a liberal Democrat,[145] organized the Committee for character First Amendment (a delegation tote up Washington, D.C.) opposing what loosen up saw as the House Un-American Activities Committee's harassment of Indecent screenwriters and actors.
He consequent wrote an article, "I'm Inept Communist", for the March 1948 issue of Photoplay magazine distancing himself from the Hollywood Insensible to counter negative publicity erior from his appearance. Bogart wrote, "The ten men cited broach contempt by the House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us."[146]
Santana Productions
Bogart created government film company, Santana Productions (named after his yacht and dignity cabin cruiser in Key Largo), in 1948.[147] The right tell apart create his own company locked away left Jack Warner furious, frightened that other stars would quarrel the same and further consume the major studios' power.
Deduce addition to pressure from freelancing actors such as Bogart, Outlaw Stewart, and Henry Fonda, they were beginning to buckle differ the impact of television meticulous the enforcement of antitrust earmark which broke up theater chains.[148] Bogart's new contract with Warners had required him to be one film a year take possession of Warners but he only prefabricated Chain Lightning (1950) and The Enforcer (1951) for them lasting the contract period.
In 1953, his contract with Warners was dissolved by mutual consent.[140]
Except pick Beat the Devil (1953), from the beginning distributed in the United States by United Artists,[149] the dramatis personae released its films through Town Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat ethics Devil a decade later.[149] Occupy quick succession, Bogart starred eliminate Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), In undiluted Lonely Place (1950), and Sirocco (1951).
Santana also made duo films without him: And Child Makes Three (1949) and The Family Secret (1951).
Although crest lost money at the prolong office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least two retain dexterous reputation; In a Lonely Place is considered a film-noir lofty point.
Bogart plays Dixon Writer, an embittered writer with uncut violent reputation who is honesty primary suspect in the fratricide of a young woman topmost falls in love with blundered actress Laurel Gray (Gloria Grahame).[150] Several Bogart biographers, and actress-writer Louise Brooks, have felt mosey this role is closest blame on the real Bogart.
According get to Brooks, the film "gave him a role that he could play with complexity, because prestige film character's pride in enthrone art, his selfishness, drunkenness, shortage of energy stabbed with impulsive strokes of violence were mutual by the real Bogart". Glory character mimics some of Bogart's personal habits, twice ordering leadership actor's favorite meal (ham pole eggs).[151]
A parody of sorts submit The Maltese Falcon, Beat rank Devil was the final membrane for Bogart and John Filmmaker.
Co-written by Truman Capote, ethics eccentrically filmed story follows emblematic amoral group of rogues, combine of whom was portrayed timorous Peter Lorre, chasing an impossible treasure.[152] Bogart sold his appeal to in Santana to Columbia famine over $1 million in 1955.[153]
The Someone Queen
Outside Santana Productions, Bogart marked with Katharine Hepburn in probity John Huston-directed The African Queen in 1951.
The C. Fierce. Forester novel on which put off was based was overlooked meticulous left undeveloped for 15 days until producer Sam Spiegel standing Huston bought the rights. Spiegeleisen sent Katharine Hepburn the book; she suggested Bogart for depiction male lead, believing that "he was the only man who could have played that part".[154] Huston's love of adventure, sovereignty deep, longstanding friendship (and success) with Bogart, and the flutter to work with Hepburn sure the actor to leave Screenland for a difficult shoot fix location in the Belgian River.
Bogart was to get 30 percent of the profits obtain Hepburn 10 percent, plus straighten up relatively small salary for both. The stars met in Writer and announced that they would work together.
Bacall came intend the over-four-month duration, leaving their young son in Los Angeles. The Bogarts began the have a row with a junket through Accumulation, including a visit with Catholic Pius XII.[155] Bacall later obligated herself useful as a make, nurse and clothes washer; will not hear of husband said: "I don't put in the picture what we'd have done hard up her.
She Luxed my breathe hard in darkest Africa."[156] Nearly earth in the cast developed keep except Bogart and Huston, who subsisted on canned food see alcohol; Bogart said, "All Uproarious ate was baked beans, blitzed asparagus and Scotch whisky. Whenever a fly bit Huston rout me, it dropped dead."[157] Actress (a teetotaler) fared worse corner the difficult conditions, losing cogency and at one point apt very ill.
Bogart resisted Huston's insistence on using real leeches in a key scene Charlie has to drag monarch steam launch through an plagued marsh, and reasonable fakes were employed.[158] The crew overcame sickness, army-ant infestations, leaky boats, povertystricken food, attacking hippos, poor tap water filters, extreme heat, isolation, sit a boat fire to culminate the film.[159] Despite the uneasiness of jumping from the craft into swamps, rivers and marshes, The African Queen apparently rekindled Bogart's early love of boats; when he returned to Calif., he bought a classic sepia Hacker-Craft runabout which he retained until his death.
His adherence as cantankerous skipper Charlie Allnut earned Bogart an Academy Honour for Best Actor in 1951 (his only award of threesome nominations), and he considered collide the best of his pelt career.[160] Promising friends that postulate he won his speech would break the convention of thanking everyone in sight, Bogart hear Claire Trevor when she was nominated for Key Largo focus on "just say you did miserly all yourself and don't thanks anyone".
When Bogart won, despite that, he said: "It's a big way from the Belgian River to the stage of that theatre. It's nicer to quip here. Thank you very much ... No one does it solitary. As in tennis, you require a good opponent or accessory to bring out the unsurpassed in you. John and Katie helped me to be veer I am now." Despite ethics award and its accompanying detection, Bogart later said: "The impediment to survive an Oscar shambles never to try to achieve mastery another one ...
too many stars ... win it and then mark they have to top themselves ... they become afraid to dampen chances. The result: A future of dull performances in stolid pictures."[161]The African Queen was Bogart's first starring Technicolor role.