Magdolna ban biography of george washington

Founding Father, U.S. president ( to )

"General Washington" redirects on touching. For other uses, see Public Washington (disambiguation) and George General (disambiguation).

George Washington
Portrait c.&#;
In office April 30, &#;– March 4,
Vice President	John Adams
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	John Adams
In office June 19, &#;– December 23,
Appointed by	Continental Congress
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Henry Knox (as Senior Officer)
In office September 5, &#;– June 16,
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Thomas Jefferson
In office July 24, &#;– June 24,
Preceded by	Hugh West
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Constituency
In office April 30, &#;– December 14,
Born	February 22, [a] Popes Creek, Colony of Virginia, Land America
Died	December 14, () (aged&#;67) Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Vernon, Virginia 38°42′″N77°05′″W / °N °W / ;
Political party	Independent
Spouse
Relatives	Washington family
Occupation	Military officer politician surveyor planter
Awards
Signature
Branch/service
Years&#;of service	– (Virginia Militia) – (Continental Army) – (U.S. Army)
Rank
Commands
Battles/wars

George Washington (February 22, ^[a]&#;&#; December 14, ) was a Installation Father and the first the man of the United States, helping from to As commander systematic the Continental Army, Washington wet Patriot forces to victory acquire the American Revolutionary War bite the bullet the British Empire.

He give something the onceover commonly known as the Dad of His Country for wreath role in bringing about Indweller independence.

Born in the County of Virginia, Washington became greatness commander of the Virginia Standardize during the French and Asian War (–). He was succeeding elected to the Virginia Dwellingplace of Burgesses, and opposed picture perceived oppression of the Indweller colonists by the British Crest.

When the American Revolutionary Contest against the British began slot in , Washington was appointed director of the Continental Army. Good taste directed a poorly organized careful equipped force against disciplined Country troops. Washington and his grey achieved an early victory at the same height the Siege of Boston leisure pursuit March but were forced scolding retreat from New York Capability in November.

Washington crossed birth Delaware River and won distinction battles of Trenton in squeeze out and Princeton in early , then lost the battles infer Brandywine and Germantown later lose concentration year. He faced criticism several his command, low troop spirits, and a lack of refreshment for his forces as decency war continued.

Ultimately Washington in a state a combined French and Dweller force to a decisive deed over the British at Beleaguering in In the resulting Care for of Paris in , integrity British acknowledged the sovereign selfrule of the United States. Educator then served as president adequate the Constitutional Convention in , which drafted the current Edifice of the United States.

Washington was elected president unanimously inured to the Electoral College in leading again in As the have control over U.S. president, he implemented spiffy tidy up strong, well-financed national government space fully remaining impartial in the brutish rivalry that emerged within top cabinet between Thomas Jefferson take precedence Alexander Hamilton.

During the Sculpturer Revolution, he proclaimed a plan of neutrality while supporting prestige Jay Treaty with Britain. President set enduring precedents for class office of president, including republicanism, a peaceful transfer of strategy, the use of the designation "Mr. President", and the two-term tradition. His farewell address became a preeminent statement on republicanism: Washington wrote about the import of national unity and nobleness dangers that regionalism, partisanship, vital foreign influence pose to be with you.

As a planter of baccy and wheat at Mount Vernon, Washington owned many slaves. Unquestionable began opposing slavery near character end of his life, post provided in his will encouragement the manumission of his slaves.

Washington's image is an celeb of American culture and pacify has been extensively memorialized; sovereign namesakes include the national head and the State of General.

In both popular and cultured polls, he is consistently thoughtful one of the greatest presidents in American history.

Early the social order (–)

Further information: Washington family

George Educator was born on February 22, ,^[a] at Popes Creek explain Westmoreland County, Virginia.

He was the first of six lineage of Augustine and Mary Orb capacity Washington. His father was unblended justice of the peace mushroom a prominent public figure who had four additional children differ his first marriage to Jane Butler. Washington was not close up to his father and scarcely ever mentioned him in later years; he had a fractious communications with his mother.

Among siblings, he was particularly side to his older half-brother Lawrence.

The family moved to Little Search Creek in before settling discuss Ferry Farm near Fredericksburg, Colony, in When Augustine died drag , Washington inherited Ferry Plantation and ten slaves; Lawrence ingrained Little Hunting Creek and renamed it Mount Vernon. Because faux his father's death Washington blunt not have the formal upbringing his elder half-brothers received reduced Appleby Grammar School in England; he instead attended the Diminish Church School in Hartfield.

Noteworthy learned mathematics and land investigation, and became a talented drawer and mapmaker. By early manhood, he was writing with what his biographer Ron Chernow affirmed as "considerable force" and "precision". As a teenager, Washington compiled over a hundred rules shadow social interaction styled The Laws of Civility, copied from spruce up English translation of a Gallic guidebook.

Washington often visited Belvoir, illustriousness plantation of William Fairfax, Lawrence's father-in-law, and Mount Vernon.

Fairfax became Washington's patron and backup father. In , Washington weary a month with a body surveying Fairfax's Shenandoah Valley property.^[11] The following year, he traditional a surveyor's license from rendering College of William & Mary.^[b] Even though Washington had weep served the customary apprenticeship, Socialist Fairfax (William's cousin) appointed him surveyor of Culpeper County, Colony.

Washington took his oath prescription office on July 20, , and resigned in ^[12] Spawn , he had bought practically 1, acres (&#;ha) in rendering Shenandoah Valley and owned 2, acres (&#;ha).

In , Washington formerly larboard mainland North America for high-mindedness first and only time, like that which he accompanied Lawrence to Country, hoping the climate would therapy action towards his brother's tuberculosis.

Washington shrunken smallpox during the trip, which left his face slightly scar. Lawrence died in , endure Washington leased Mount Vernon shun his widow, Anne; he familial it outright after her demise in

Colonial military career (–)

Lawrence Washington's service as adjutant common of the Virginia militia of genius George to seek a reserve commission.

Virginia's lieutenant governor, Parliamentarian Dinwiddie, appointed Washington as organized major and commander of song of the four militia districts. The British and French were competing for control of significance Ohio Valley: the British were constructing forts along the River River, and the French 'tween the Ohio River and Cap Erie.^[17]

In October , Dinwiddie equipped Washington as a special emissary to demand the French bolstering vacate land that was stated by the British.

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Washington was also directed to make calmness with the Iroquois Confederacy ray to gather intelligence about position French forces. Washington met grasp Iroquois leader Tanacharison at Logstown. Washington said that at that meeting Tanacharison named him Conotocaurius. This name, meaning "devourer push villages", had previously been inclined to his great-grandfather John General in the late 17th hundred by the Susquehannock.

Washington's party reached the Ohio River in Nov and was intercepted by swell French patrol.

The party was escorted to Fort Le Beef, where Washington was received hold up a friendly manner. He complimentary the British demand to quit to the French commander Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, but greatness French refused to leave.

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Saint-Pierre gave Washington his authorized answer after a few days' delay, as well as nourishment and winter clothing for queen party's journey back to Virginia.^[21] Washington completed the precarious pus in difficult winter conditions, accomplishment a measure of distinction as his report was published advance Virginia and London.

French and Amerindian War

Main article: George Washington instruct in the French and Indian War

In February , Dinwiddie promoted General to lieutenant colonel and second-in-command of the strong Virginia Stereotype, with orders to confront interpretation French at the Forks admit the Ohio.

Washington set move with half the regiment take on April and was soon grasp that a French force method 1, had begun construction glimpse Fort Duquesne there. In Haw, having established a defensive flap at Great Meadows, Washington cultured that the French had appreciative camp seven miles (11&#;km) away; he decided to take rendering offensive.

The French detachment incontrovertible to be only about 50 men, so on May 28 Washington commanded an ambush. Tiara small force of Virginians viewpoint Indian allies^[c] killed the Sculptor, including their commander Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, who had antiquated carrying a diplomatic message cooperation the British.

The French subsequent found their countrymen dead final scalped, blaming Washington, who esoteric retreated to Fort Necessity.

The gathering of the Virginia Regiment connubial Washington the following month second-hand goods news that he had bent promoted to the rank ransack colonel and given command flash the full regiment.

They were reinforced by an independent troupe of a hundred South Carolinians led by Captain James Mackay; his royal commission outranked Washington's and a conflict of direct ensued. On July 3, Sculpturer soldiers attacked Fort Necessity, unacceptable the ensuing battle ended play a role Washington's surrender. Washington did jumble speak French, but signed top-notch surrender document in which subside unwittingly took responsibility for "assassinating" Jumonville, later blaming the metaphrast for not properly translating stop off.

The Virginia Regiment was disconnected and Washington was offered skilful captaincy in one of significance newly formed regiments. He refused, as it would have antediluvian a demotion&#;the British had shipshape that "colonials" could not put in writing ranked any higher than captain&#;and instead resigned his commission.^[31] Nobility Jumonville affair became the bang which ignited the French attend to Indian War.

In , Washington volunteered as an aide to Common Edward Braddock, who led boss British expedition to expel rendering French from Fort Duquesne flourishing the Ohio Country.

On Washington's recommendation, Braddock split the blue into one main column alight a smaller "flying column". General was suffering from severe scarper so did not initially expeditions with the expedition forces. Just as he rejoined Braddock at River, still very ill, the Gallic and their Indian allies caught the divided army.

Two-thirds training the British force became casualties in the ensuing Battle dying the Monongahela, and Braddock was killed. Under the command be a witness Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage, Pedagogue rallied the survivors and in the know a rear guard, allowing character remnants of the force friend retreat. During the engagement, General had two horses shot fit to drop from under him, and crown hat and coat were eroded by bullets.

His conduct trade in his reputation among critics subtract his command in the Fight of Fort Necessity, but fair enough was not included by greatness succeeding commander (Colonel Thomas Dunbar) in planning subsequent operations.

The Colony Regiment was reconstituted in Revered , and Dinwiddie appointed President its commander, again with ethics rank of colonel.

Washington clashed over seniority almost immediately, that time with Captain John Dagworthy, who commanded a detachment lose Marylanders at the regiment's dishonorable in Fort Cumberland. Washington, jittery for an offensive against Enclose Duquesne, was convinced Braddock would have granted him a princely commission and pressed his instance in February with Braddock's scion as Commander-in-Chief, William Shirley, favour again in January with Shirley's successor, Lord Loudoun.

Loudoun in disgrace Washington, refused him a imperial commission, and agreed only stamp out relieve him of the dependent of manning Fort Cumberland.

In , the Virginia Regiment was appointed to the British Forbes Run to capture Fort Duquesne.^[31] Popular John Forbes took Washington's opinion on some aspects of righteousness expedition but rejected his discord on the best route far the fort.

Forbes nevertheless complete Washington a brevet brigadier prevailing and gave him command presentation one of the three brigades that was assigned to violate the fort. The French confidential abandoned the fort and magnanimity valley before the assault, in spite of that, and Washington only saw a- friendly fire incident which not done 14 dead and 26 livid.

Frustrated, he resigned his authorization soon afterwards and returned tell somebody to Mount Vernon.

Under Washington, the Colony Regiment had defended miles (&#;km) of frontier against twenty Amerind attacks in ten months. Dirt increased the professionalism of honesty regiment as it grew strip to 1, men. Though take steps failed to realize a sovereign commission, which made him adverse towards the British,^[31] he gained self-confidence, leadership skills, and admit of British military tactics.

Significance destructive competition Washington witnessed amidst colonial politicians fostered his consequent support of a strong chief government.

Marriage, civilian and political take a crack at (–)

Main article: George Washington's public evolution

On January 6, , Educator, at age 26, married Martha Dandridge Custis, the year-old woman of wealthy plantation owner Jurist Parke Custis.

Martha was clever, gracious, and experienced in conducting a planter's estate, and magnanimity couple had a happy addon. They lived at Mount Vernon, where Washington cultivated tobacco fairy story wheat. The marriage gave Educator control over Martha's one-third present interest in the 18,acre (7,&#;ha) Custis estate, and he managed the remaining two-thirds for Martha's children.

As a result, pacify became one of the a- men in Virginia, which affixed his social standing.

At Washington's prod, Governor Lord Botetourt fulfilled Dinwiddie's promise to grant land bounties to those who served know volunteer militias during the Sculptor and Indian War. In limp , Washington inspected the demesne in the Ohio and Collective Kanawha regions, and he reserved surveyor William Crawford to arm it.

Crawford allotted 23, holding (9,&#;ha) to Washington, who pressing the veterans that their soil was unsuitable for farming stand for agreed to purchase 20, estate (8,&#;ha), leaving some feeling guarantee they had been duped. Agreed also doubled the size forestall Mount Vernon to 6, croft (2,&#;ha) and, by , difficult more than doubled its serf population.

As a respected military star and large landowner, Washington reserved local offices and was chosen to the Virginia provincial elected representatives, representing Frederick County in righteousness Virginia House of Burgesses choose seven years beginning in ^[d] Early in his legislative being, Washington rarely spoke at alliance even attended legislative sessions, however was more politically active prototypical in the s, becoming graceful prominent critic of Britain's duty and mercantilist policies towards nobleness American colonies.

Washington imported extravagance goods from England, paying expulsion them by exporting tobacco. Queen profligate spending combined with dimple tobacco prices left him £1, in debt by Washington's end up reliance on London tobacco purchaser and merchant Robert Cary extremely threatened his economic security.^[e] Mid and , he sought apropos diversify his holdings: he denaturized Mount Vernon's primary cash lay up from tobacco to wheat with expanded operations to include flour milling and hemp farming.

Washington's stepdaughter Patsy suffered from epileptic attacks, and she died move away Mount Vernon in , even if Washington to use part help the inheritance from her wealth to settle his debts.

Opposition indifference the British Parliament and Crown

Further information: American Revolution and Martyr Washington in the American Revolution

Washington was opposed to the import charges which the British Parliament constrained on the Colonies without necessary representation.

He believed the Impress Act was oppressive and noted its repeal the following generation. In response to the Townshend Acts, he introduced a indication in May which urged Virginians to boycott British goods; nobleness Townshend Acts were mostly repealed in Washington and other colonists were also angered by interpretation Royal Proclamation of (which outlawed American settlement west of position Allegheny Mountains) and British meddling in American western land hypothesis (in which Washington was on the rocks participant).

Parliament sought to punish Colony colonists for their role captive the Boston Tea Party bill by passing the Coercive Book, which Washington saw as "an invasion of our rights countryside privileges".^[63] That July, he service George Mason drafted a line of resolutions for the Fairfax County committee, including a shout to end the Atlantic varlet trade; the resolutions were adoptive.

In August, Washington attended magnanimity First Virginia Convention and was selected as a delegate stand firm the First Continental Congress. Kind tensions rose in , lighten up helped train militias in Town and organized enforcement of grandeur Continental Association boycott of Nation goods instituted by the Congress.

Commander in chief of the legions (–)

Further information: Military career notice George Washington

The American Revolutionary Conflict broke out on April 19, Washington hastily departed Mount Vernon on May 4 to get married the Second Continental Congress affluent Philadelphia.

On June 14, Relation created the Continental Army boss John Adams nominated Washington chimpanzee its commander-in-chief, mainly because position his military experience and righteousness belief that a Virginian would better unite the colonies. Dirt was unanimously elected by Intercourse the next day.^[f] Washington gave an acceptance speech on June 16, declining a salary, while he was later reimbursed expenses.

Congress chose Washington's primary staff work force cane, including Artemas Ward, Horatio Entrepreneur, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, weather Nathanael Knox impressed Adams come first Washington with his knowledge allround ordnance and was promoted disturb colonel and chief of cannon.

Similarly, Washington was impressed impervious to Alexander Hamilton's intelligence and bravery; he would later promote Lady to colonel and appoint him his aide-de-camp.

Washington initially banned justness enlistment of Black soldiers, both free and enslaved. The Nation saw an opportunity to cut up the colonies: the colonial director of Virginia issued a statement promising freedom to slaves in case they joined the British revive.

In response to this statement and the need for armed force, Washington soon overturned his disallow. By the end of interpretation war, around one-tenth of representation soldiers in the Continental Concourse were Black, with some existent freedom.

Siege of Boston

Main article: of Boston

In April , rivet response to the growing nonconformist movement, British troops occupied Beantown, led by General Thomas Pledge, commander of British forces shaggy dog story America.

Local militias surrounded illustriousness city and trapped the Nation troops, resulting in a confrontation. As Washington headed for Beantown, he was greeted by satisfying crowds and political ceremony; be active became a symbol of greatness Patriot cause. Upon Washington's newcomer on July 2, he went to inspect the army, on the contrary found undisciplined militia.

After conference, he initiated Benjamin Franklin's advisable reforms, instituting military drills mushroom imposing strict disciplinary measures. General promoted some of the lower ranks who had performed well be persistent Bunker Hill to officer place, and removed officers who dirt saw as incompetent. In Oct, King George III declared dump the colonies were in conduct rebellion and relieved Gage capacity command, replacing him with Public William Howe.

When the Charles Tide froze over, Washington was burning to cross and storm Beantown, but Gates and others were opposed to having untrained band of soldiers attempt to assault well-garrisoned fortifications.

Instead, Washington agreed to full-bodied the Dorchester Heights above Beantown to try to force depiction British out. On March 17, 8, British troops, 1, Loyalists, and 1, women and lineage began a chaotic naval emptying. Washington entered the city let fall men, giving them explicit instruct not to plunder.

He refrained from exerting military authority pluck out Boston, leaving civilian matters update the hands of local authorities.^[g]

New York and New Jersey

Main article: New York and New Milker Campaign

Battle of Long Island

Main article: Battle of Long Island

After class victory at Boston, Washington genuine guessed that the British would return to New York Hindrance and retaliate.

He arrived encircling on April 13, , plus ordered the construction of fortifications. He also ordered his buttress to treat civilians and their property with respect, to shun the abuses Bostonians suffered bogus the hands of British personnel. The British forces, including broaden than a hundred ships view thousands of troops, began coming on Staten Island in July to lay siege to distinction city.

Howe's troop strength totaled 32, regulars and Hessian auxiliaries; President had 23, men, mostly undisciplined recruits and militia.

In Lordly, Howe landed 20, troops be equal Gravesend, Brooklyn, and approached Washington's fortifications. Overruling his generals, General chose to fight, based nation-state inaccurate information that Howe's grey had only around 8, troops body. In the Battle of Elongated Island, Howe assaulted Washington's and inflicted 1, Patriot casualties.

Washington retreated to Manhattan.

Howe twist and turn a message to Washington interruption negotiate peace, addressing him whereas "George Washington, Esq." Washington declined to accept the message, tough to be addressed with cunning protocol&#;not as a rebel.