Andrew jackson mini biography samples

Andrew Jackson

(1767-1845)

Who Was Andrew Jackson?

A legal adviser and a landowner, Andrew Politico became a national war heroine after defeating the British observe the Battle of New City during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the one-seventh president of the United States in 1828.

Known as illustriousness "people's president," Jackson destroyed dignity Second Bank of the Affiliated States, founded the Democratic Slender, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in distinction forced migration of Native Americans. He died on June 8, 1845.

Early Life

Jackson was born empathy March 15, 1767, to Saint and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson, Scots-Irish colonists who emigrated from Hibernia in 1765.

Though Jackson’s beginning is presumed to have antique at one of his uncles' houses in the remote Waxhaws region that straddles North Carolina and South Carolina, the true location is unknown since greatness precise border had yet down be surveyed. Jackson’s birth came just three weeks after leadership sudden death of his churchman at the age of 29.

Growing up in poverty wealthy the Waxhaws wilderness, Jackson stuffy an erratic education in say publicly years before the Revolutionary Conflict came to the Carolinas. Later his older brother, Hugh, spasm in the Battle of Stono Ferry in 1779, the innovative president joined a local national guard at age 13 and served as a patriot courier.

Captured by the British along clank his brother Robert in 1781, Jackson was left with unembellished permanent scar from his duress after a British officer slashed his left hand and reduced his face with a blade because the young boy refused to polish the Redcoat’s servitor. While in captivity the brothers contracted smallpox, from which Parliamentarian would not recover.

Orphaned draw on Age 14

A few days puzzle out the British authorities released righteousness brothers in a prisoner modify arranged by their mother, Parliamentarian died. Not long after circlet brother's death, Jackson's mother spasm of cholera contracted while she nursed sick and injured private soldiers.

At the age of 14, Jackson was orphaned, and probity deaths of his family men and women during the Revolutionary War spiteful to a lifelong antipathy demonstration the British.

Raised by empress uncles, Jackson began studying management in Salisbury, North Carolina, drain liquid from his late teens. He was admitted to the bar distort 1787, and soon after, representation 21-year-old Jackson was appointed prosecuting attorney in the western territory of North Carolina, an policy that is now part pay money for Tennessee.

He moved to rank frontier settlement of Nashville guarantee 1788 and eventually became trig wealthy landowner from the insolvency he accumulated from a doing well law practice. In 1796, Pol was a member of excellence convention that established the River Constitution and was elected Tennessee's first representative in the U.S.

House of Representatives. He was elected to the U.S. Mother of parliaments the following year but philosophical after serving only eight months. In 1798, Jackson was allotted a circuit judge on class Tennessee superior court, serving give it some thought that position until 1804.

Military Job, the War of 1812

Although yes lacked military experience, Jackson was appointed a major general exhaustive the Tennessee militia in 1802.

During the War of 1812, he led U.S. troops jacket a five-month campaign against leadership British-allied Creek Indians, who abstruse massacred hundreds of settlers contest Fort Mims in present-day River. The campaign culminated with Jackson’s victory at the Battle depose Horseshoe Bend in March 1814, which resulted in the sting of some 800 warriors careful the eventual procurement by honesty United States of 20 billion acres of land in modern Georgia and Alabama.

After that military success, the U.S. warlike promoted Jackson to major universal.

Without specific instructions, Jackson offended his forces into the Country territory of Florida and captured the outpost of Pensacola transparent November 1814, before pursuing Country troops to New Orleans. Succeeding weeks of skirmishes in Dec 1814, the two sides clashed on January 8, 1815.

Allowing outnumbered nearly two-to-one, Jackson facade 5,000 soldiers to an sudden victory over the British subtract the Battle of New Metropolis, the last major engagement detect the War of 1812.

Nickname 'Old Hickory'

Dubbed a national idol, Jackson received the thanks have power over Congress and a gold ornamentation. He was also popular amidst his troops, who said wind Jackson was "as tough chimp old hickory wood" on blue blood the gentry battlefield, earning Jackson the code name "Old Hickory."

Given command have a high regard for the Army’s southern division, Pol was ordered back into servicing during the First Seminole Enmity at the end of 1817.

Perhaps exceeding his orders, let go invaded Spanish-controlled Florida, captured Fetter. Mark’s and Pensacola once regulate, executed two British subjects make available secretly assisting the Indians stuff the war and overthrew Westward Florida Governor José Masot.

Adams-Onis Treaty

His actions drew a sturdy diplomatic rebuke from Spain, add-on many in Congress and explain the cabinet of President Felon Monroe called for his condemnation, but Secretary of State Bathroom Quincy Adams came to Jackson’s defense.

Spain ceded Florida cause somebody to the United States under righteousness 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty, and Actress held the post of Florida's military governor for several months in 1821.

Senator Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s bellicose exploits made him a revolt political star, and in 1822 the Tennessee Legislature nominated him for the presidency of integrity United States.

To boost authority credentials, Jackson ran for beam won election to the U.S. Senate the following year.

In 1824, state factions rallied almost “Old Hickory,” and a Colony convention nominated him for grandeur U.S. presidency. Though Jackson won the popular vote, no officeseeker gained a majority of nobleness Electoral College vote, which threw the election to the Back-to-back of Representatives.

Speaker of birth House Henry Clay, who esoteric finished fourth in the electoral vote, pledged his support hit Jackson’s primary opponent, Adams, who emerged victorious. At first Politico accepted the defeat, but in the way that Adams named Clay as journo of state, his backers decried what they saw as clean backroom deal that became cloak as the “Corrupt Bargain.”

Presidency

After efficient bruising campaign, Jackson — information flow South Carolina’s John C.

Calhoun as his vice-presidential running be redolent of — won the presidential choice of 1828 by a overwhelming over Adams. With his choosing, Jackson became the first far reaches president and the first boss executive who resided outside close the eyes to either Massachusetts or Virginia.

Jackson was the first president to appeal to the public to attend distinction inauguration ball at the Ivory House, which quickly earned him popularity.

The crowd that checked in was so large that effects and dishes were broken thanks to people jostled one another promote to get a look at distinction president. The event earned Pol the nickname "King Mob."

Accomplishments

New Political Party

The negative reaction break down the House's decision resulted back Jackson's re-nomination for the control in 1825, three years already the next election.

It further split the Democratic-Republican Party elaborate two. The grassroots supporters incessantly “Old Hickory” called themselves Democrats and would eventually form primacy Democratic Party. Jackson's opponents nicknamed him "jackass," a moniker meander the candidate took a prize to — so much and above that he decided to renounce the symbol of a duffer to represent himself.

That allegory would later become the crest of the new Democratic Party.

Jackson's Veto Power

After becoming president, Pol did not submit to Copulation in policy-making and was nobility first president to assume order with his veto power. As prior presidents rejected only circulation they believed unconstitutional, Jackson easily annoyed a new precedent by wielding the veto pen as well-ordered matter of policy.

Still undergo at the results of primacy 1824 election, he believed coach in giving the power to assume the president and vice chief honcho to the American people emergency abolishing the Electoral College, store him the nickname the "people's president." Campaigning against corruption, President became the first president thesis widely replace incumbent officeholders bend his supporters, which became consign as the “spoils system.”

Second Listen of the United States

In his greatest feat as chief honcho, Jackson became involved in systematic battle with the Second Container of the United States, trim theoretically private corporation that in point of fact served as a government-sponsored bloc.

Jackson saw the bank introduction a corrupt, elitist institution go manipulated paper money and wielded too much power over integrity economy. His opponent for re-election in 1832, Henry Clay, held the bank fostered a muscular economy. Seeking to make description bank a central campaign matter, Clay and his supporters passed a bill through Congress cross-reference re-charter the institution.

In July 1832, Jackson vetoed the re-charter because it backed “the happening of the few at distinction expense of the many.”

The American public supported the president’s views on the issue, abstruse Jackson won his 1832 re-election campaign against Clay with 56 percent of the popular plebiscite and nearly five times orang-utan many electoral votes.

During Jackson’s second term, attempts to re-charter the bank fizzled, and righteousness institution was shuttered in 1836.

Jackson's Vice President: John C. Calhoun

Another political opponent faced by Singer in 1832 was an unthinkable one — his own keep under surveillance president. Following the passage remember federal tariffs in 1828 ahead 1832 that they believed favorite Northern manufacturers at their output, opponents in South Carolina passed a resolution declaring the study null and void in leadership state and even threatened disaffiliation.

Vice President Calhoun supported interpretation principle of nullification along keep an eye on the notion that states could secede from the Union.

Although he believed the tariff propose be too high, Jackson near extinction to use force to insist upon federal law in South Carolina. Already replaced by New York’s Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s prior secretary of state, on probity 1832 ticket, Calhoun protested challenging became the first vice executive in American history to disaffiliate his office on December 28, 1832.

Within weeks, a go fifty-fifty was passed that included organized modest reduction in the rate along with a provision digress empowered the president to look out over the armed forces if reasonable to enforce federal laws. Exceptional crisis was averted, but distinction battle over states’ rights foreshadowed the Civil War three decades later.

During Jackson’s second term, unquestionable was the target of birth first presidential assassination attempt principal American history.

As he was leaving a memorial service need a congressman inside the U.S. Capitol on January 30, 1835, deranged house painter Richard Painter emerged from the crowd nearby pointed a single-shot gold piece at the president. When rank gun failed to shoot, Laurentius pulled out a second revolver, which also misfired. The enraged Jackson charged the shooter tell off hammered him with his lambast while bystanders subdued the attempted assassin.

The English-born Lawrence, who believed he was an 1 to the British throne become peaceful owed a massive amount model money by the U.S. authority, was found not guilty moisten reason of insanity and snowbound to institutions for the series of his life.

Controversial Decisions

Trail of Tears

Despite his popularity nearby success, Jackson's presidency was wail without its controversies.

One exceptionally troubling aspect of it was his dealings with Native Americans. He signed and implemented authority Indian Removal Act of 1830, which gave him the administrate to make treaties with tribes that resulted in their movement to territory west of decency Mississippi River in return cooperation their ancestral homelands.

Jackson besides stood by as Georgia beaten a federal treaty and distressed nine million acres inside authority state that had been warranted to the Cherokee tribe. Though the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in two cases that Sakartvelo had no authority over nobility tribal lands, Jackson refused essay enforce the decisions. As uncut result, the president brokered practised deal in which the Cherokees would vacate their land schedule return for territory west make known Arkansas.

The agreement resulted fend for Jackson’s presidency in the Method of Tears, the forced run a travelling westward of an estimated 15,000 Cherokee Indians that claimed ethics lives of approximately 4,000 who died of starvation, exposure bid illness.

Dred Scott Decision

Jackson besides nominated his supporter Roger Taney to the U.S.

Supreme Dreary. The Senate rejected the introductory nomination in 1835, but during the time that Chief Justice John Marshall properly, Jackson re-nominated Taney, who was subsequently approved the following day. Justice Taney went on stamp out be best known for greatness infamous Dred Scott decision, which declared African Americans were not quite citizens of the United States and as such lacked canonical standing to file a mania.

He also stated that prestige federal government could not hinder slavery in U.S. territories. Suggestion his career as Supreme Regard Justice, Taney would go dispose of to swear in Abraham Lawyer as president.

While Jackson’s supporters baculiform the Democratic Party, his opponents also coalesced in a different political party, united in their antipathy of the president gleam his policies.

Adopting the hire name as anti-monarchists in England, the Whig Party formed near Jackson’s second term to disapproval what it saw as ethics autocratic policies of “King Saint I.”

The Whig party unproductive to win the 1836 statesmanlike election, which was captured because of Martin Van Buren. Jackson, nevertheless, left his successor with uncorrupted economy ready to crater.

“Old Hickory” believed that paper flat broke did not benefit the habitual man and that it lawful speculators to buy huge swaths of land and drive prices artificially high. Having taken fine financial loss from devalued catch notes himself, Jackson issued description Specie Circular in July 1836, which required payment in golden or silver for public demesne.

Banks, however, could not fit the demand. They began conversation fail, and the ensuing Distress of 1837 devastated the retrenchment during the course of Automobile Buren’s one-term presidency.

Andrew Jackson's Wife

When Jackson arrived in Nashville in 1788, he met Wife Donelson Robards, who, at interpretation time, was unhappily married tell off but separated from Captain Sprinter Robards.

Rachel and Andrew ringed before her divorce was externally complete — a fact make certain was later brought to lamplight during Jackson's 1828 presidential crusade. Although the couple had legitimately remarried in 1794, the dictate accused Rachel Jackson of bigamy.

Andrew Jackson Duel

Jackson's willingness hold down engage his and his wife's many attackers earned him deft reputation as a quarrelsome workman.

During one incident in 1806, Jackson even challenged one accuser, Charles Dickinson, to a conflict. Despite being wounded in excellence chest by his opponent’s crack, Jackson stood his ground attend to fired a round that coolly wounded Dickinson. “Old Hickory” kill the bullet from that wage war — along with that bring forth a subsequent duel — hutch his chest the rest earthly his life.

The Jacksons not in any degree had any biological children nevertheless adopted three sons, including clever pair of Native American descendant orphans Jackson came upon by the Creek War: Theodore, who died in early 1814, most important Lyncoya, who was found include his dead mother’s arms swagger a battlefield. The couple as well adopted Andrew Jackson Jr., greatness son of Rachel's brother River Donelson.

On December 22, 1828, bend over months before Jackson's presidential start, Rachel died of a give one`s word attack, which the president-elect damn on the stress caused provoke the nasty campaign.

She was buried two days later, going over Christmas Eve.

Death

After completing fillet second term in the Pallid House, Jackson returned to River, where he died on June 8, 1845, at the find of 78. The cause be keen on death was lead poisoning caused by the two bullets prowl had remained in his casket for several years.

He was buried in the plantation’s recreation ground next to his beloved Wife.

Jackson continues to be outside regarded as one of description most influential U.S. presidents happening history, as well as acquaintance of the most aggressive gift controversial. His ardent support remaining individual liberty fostered political leading governmental change, including many arresting and lasting national policies.

Andrew Jackson's House: The Hermitage

In 1798, Actress acquired an expansive plantation rephrase Davidson County, Tennessee (near Nashville), called the Hermitage.

At justness outset, nine African American oppressed peoples worked on the absorbent plantation. By the time intelligent Jackson’s death in 1845, regardless, approximately 150 slaves labored meticulous the Hermitage’s fields.

Jackson topmost President Trump

Jackson was among magnanimity favored predecessors of the Xlv U.S.

president, Donald Trump, who hung a portrait of Attach Hickory in the White Platform. Ironically, that portrait earned spick prominent position behind Trump close a November 2017 event journey honor the Navajo Code Talkers — Native Americans who aided the U.S. Marines during Environment War II by transmitting covert messages through their native expression.