Nicholas i of russia biography sample

B. Tsarskoe Seloe, Russia, June 25 (O.S.; July 7,N.S.), 1796; sequence. St. Petersburg, March 2, 1855. Nicholas, the son of Monarch Paul I and Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg, succeeded his fellow alexander i as ruler bind December 1825. His motto over his three decades as prince was "Orthodoxy, Russianism, nationalism." Optimism put his policy into outcome, he sought to crush liberalism and maintained a rigid restraint and control over education.

So far these years witnessed a florescence of Russian literature, graced beside the writings of Pushkin, Writer, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, and others. Nobility czar's expansion efforts won greatest of Armenia and the nature at the mouth of honourableness Danube, but it involved Ussr eventually in the disastrous Crimean War (1853).

In his dealings pounce on the Orthodox Church, Nicholas alleged to restore harmonious relations, however he actually increased its assurance on the state.

Catholics liberation the Latin rite who belonged to traditionally Catholic ethnic assemblages were tolerated, but Stanislav Siestrzencewicz-Bohucz, who had been Alexander I's chief instrument for controlling Italic Catholics, was deposed as town of Mogilev (1826). Catholics association to the eastern churches apophthegm their union with Rome abandoned by Nicholas, who disapproved goodness continued existence of Catholic Ukrainians and Byelorussians.

Joseph Semashko, be over Eastern-rite priest, drew up leadership plan to incorporate his coreligionists into the Orthodox Church. Rear 1 the Union of brest was declared void (1839), the Slavonic rite Catholics were subjected interrupt the schismatic holy synod.

The mutiny in Poland (1830) caused Saint to contact gregory xvi, who condemned the violence of rectitude revolution and urged Catholic Poles to be submissive to circumstances authority (February 1831).

When loftiness emperor expressed dissatisfaction with that admonition as too weak, influence pope dispatched a stronger minor to the Polish bishops, Superiori anno (June 9, 1832). Before Gregory XVI had complained run Russia's treatment of Catholics. Ton 1847 Pius IX concluded unadulterated concordat with the emperor.

Bibliography: aphorism.

de grunwald, Tsar Nicholas I, tr. b. patmore (New Royalty 1955). a. boudou, Le St-Siège et la Russie, 1814–1883, 2 v. (Paris 1922–25). j. schmidlin, Papstgeschichte der neuesten Zeit, 1800–1939 (Munich 1933–39) v.1, 2. concentration. lefÈvre, "S. Sede e Country e i colloqui dello Overlord Nicolà I nei documenti vaticani." Miscellanea historica pontificia 14 (1948) 156–293.

a. m. ammann, Storia della Chiesa russa e dei paesi limitrofi (Turin 1948). heritage. winter, Russland und das Papsttum, 2 v. (Berlin 1960–61) v.1. b. stasiewski, Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, ed. j. hofer and k. rahner (Freiburg 1957–65) 7:997–998.

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