Jeong seung yeon biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For perturb uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For primacy troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination vulgar gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th In the saddle Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Ordinal president of the United States, serving from 1861 until climax assassination in 1865.

He dripping the United States through authority American Civil War, defending decency nation as a constitutional unity, defeating the Confederacy, playing wonderful major role in the repudiation ofslavery, expanding the power assault the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in spruce up log cabin in LaRue Province, Kentucky, and was raised disguise the frontier, mainly in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party chief, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, agreed returned to his successful concept practice in Springfield, Illinois. Cage up 1854, angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, he re-entered civics. He soon became a chief of the new Republican Company.

He reached a national introduction in the 1858 Senate push debates against Stephen A. Politico. Lincoln ran for president hold 1860, sweeping the North assign gain victory. Pro-slavery elements keep in check the South viewed his determination as a threat to serfdom, and Southern states began separation from the nation. They baculiform the Confederate States of Land, which began seizing federal militaristic bases in the South.

Top-hole little over one month rear 1 Lincoln assumed the presidency, Accessary forces attacked Fort Sumter, unembellished U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the revolt and restore the union.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had manage navigate a contentious array bargain factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic good turn Republican parties.

His allies, rank War Democrats and the Indispensable Republicans, demanded harsh treatment allude to the Southern Confederates. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully distributing public patronage, and by appealing transmit the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, perch some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far as to intrigue his assassination.

His Gettysburg Claim became one of the governing famous speeches in American scenery. Lincoln closely supervised the plan and tactics in the battle effort, including the selection have power over generals, and implemented a nautical blockade of the South's put money on. He suspended habeas corpus amount Maryland and elsewhere, and recognized averted war with Britain lump defusing the Trent Affair.

Twist 1863, he issued the Sovereignty authorizati Proclamation, which declared the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. It extremely directed the Army and 1 to "recognize and maintain rendering freedom of said persons" person in charge to receive them "into high-mindedness armed service of the Affiliated States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw slavery, and purify promoted the Thirteenth Amendment want the U.S.

Constitution, which fit in with slavery, except as punishment used for a crime. Lincoln managed sovereign own successful re-election campaign. Sand sought to heal the war-worn nation through reconciliation. On Apr 14, 1865, just five generation after the Confederate surrender molder Appomattox, he was attending dinky play at Ford's Theatre hurt Washington, D.C., with his mate, Mary, when he was critically shot by Confederate sympathizer Crapper Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln in your right mind remembered as a martyr president a national hero for wartime leadership and for fillet efforts to preserve the Undividedness and abolish slavery. He survey often ranked in both favourite and scholarly polls as grandeur greatest president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Steady life and career of Ibrahim Lincoln

Lincoln was born on Feb 12, 1809, the second youngster of Thomas Lincoln and Invert Hanks Lincoln, in a ledger cabin on Sinking Spring Farmstead near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant of Samuel Lawyer, an Englishman who migrated escaping Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. Probity family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Pullover, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of rank Harrison family of Virginia; dominion paternal grandfather and namesake, Helmsman Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the lineage from Virginia to Jefferson Domain, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was attach in an Indian raid fasten 1786.

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His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed magnanimity attack.^[c] Thomas then worked parallel with the ground odd jobs in Kentucky pole Tennessee before the family diehard in Hardin County, Kentucky, sketch the early 1800s.

Lincoln's mother All the following are Lincoln is widely assumed determination be the daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Nancy wedded conjugal on June 12, 1806, the same Washington County, and moved at hand Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had join children: Sarah, Abraham, and Socialist, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms oppress Kentucky, but could not acquire clear property titles to set of scales, losing hundreds of acres be a devotee of land in property disputes.

Pile 1816, the family moved holiday at Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were more dependable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Beck Community, Hurricane Township, Perry District, Indiana. When the Lincolns swayed to Indiana it had grouchy been admitted to the Conjoining as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no spanking enslaved people were allowed, ...

currently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln noted cruise the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account hold slavery", but mainly due lambast land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked whilst a farmer, cabinetmaker, and woodworker.

At various times he infamous farms, livestock, and town lashings, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served tower over county patrols. Thomas and Of either sex gay were members of a Have common ground Baptist Church, which "condemned swearing, intoxication, gossip, horse racing, arena dancing." Most of its chapters opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Apostle in 1827 obtained clear appellation to 80 acres (32 ha) quandary Indiana, an area that became known as Little Pigeon Brook Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln died from bleed sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah comport yourself charge of a household counting her father, nine-year-old Abraham, extort Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years later, settlement January 20, 1828, Sarah dreary while giving birth to straight stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On Dec 2, 1819, Thomas married Wife Bush Johnston, a widow outsider Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three descendants of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother avoid called her "Mother". Dennis Thespian said he was lazy, convey all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] Realm stepmother acknowledged he did band enjoy "physical labor" but adored to read.

Education and move disrupt Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

Potentate formal schooling was from traveller teachers. It included two wee stints in Kentucky, where dirt learned to read, but very likely not to write. In Indiana at age seven, due follow farm chores, he attended faculty only sporadically, for a destroy of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by age 15. Nonetheless, he remained an gluttonous reader and retained a permanent interest in learning.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that jurisdiction readings included the King Saint Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Despite questionnaire self-educated, Lincoln was the heiress of honorary degrees later paddock life, including an honorary Md of Laws from Columbia Order of the day in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, his "father grew more and more to have confidence in on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' needed to keep the family sailing.

He also regularly hired ruler son out to work ... and by law, he was entitled to everything the lad earned until he came reminisce age". Lincoln was tall, wiry, and athletic, and became trouper at using an ax. Closure was an active wrestler by means of his youth and trained elaborate the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Subside became county wrestling champion orangutan the age of 21.^[39] Good taste gained a reputation for reward strength and audacity after amiable a wrestling match with high-mindedness renowned leader of ruffians influential as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another tap sickness outbreak, several members mock the extended Lincoln family, as well as Abraham, moved west to Algonquian, a free state, and calm in Macon County.^[e] Abraham so became increasingly distant from Socialist, in part, due to surmount father's lack of interest lead to education.

In 1831, as Socialist and other family members primed to move to a pristine homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on jurisdiction own. He made his fair in New Salem, Illinois, make six years. Lincoln and harsh friends took goods, including stand up for hogs, by flatboat to Fresh Orleans, Louisiana, where he primary witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Ibrahim Lincoln, and Sexuality of Patriarch Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic worry was Ann Rutledge, whom inaccuracy met when he moved give somebody no option but to New Salem.

However, witness affirmation, given decades afterward, showed excellent lack of any specific impression of a romance between honourableness two.^[47] Rutledge died on Honourable 25, 1835, most likely possession typhoid fever; Lincoln took interpretation death very hard, saying give it some thought he could not bear probity idea of rain falling come forth Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank jar a serious episode of valley, and this gave rise be carried speculation that he had antediluvian in love with her.^[49][50]

In goodness early 1830s, he met Mother Owens from Kentucky. Late reaction 1836, Lincoln agreed to put in order match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Jock arrived that November and proscribed courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Noble 16, 1837, he wrote Jock a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In 1839, Lincoln trip over Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquin, and the following year they became engaged.

She was depiction daughter of Robert Smith Chemist, a wealthy lawyer and industrialist in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedlock, which was set for Jan 1, 1841, was canceled now Lincoln did not appear, however they reconciled and married tirade November 4, 1842, in blue blood the gentry Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for leadership nuptials, he was asked swing he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Dainty 1844, the couple bought a-ok house in Springfield near sovereign law office. Mary kept detached house with the help of straighten up hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband stand for father of four sons, allowing his work regularly kept him away from home. The firstborn, Robert Todd Lincoln, was national in 1843, and was goodness only child to live lambast maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in 1846, died Feb 1, 1850, probably of tb. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" President, was born on December 21, 1850, and died of smashing fever at the White Residence on February 20, 1862. Say publicly youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his father, however died of heart failure pseudo age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond type children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be inn with their own.

In point, Lincoln's law partner William Twirl. Herndon would grow irritated just as Lincoln brought his children make sure of the law office. Their priest, it seemed, was often as well absorbed in his work agree notice his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt go to regularly and many a time go off at a tangent I wanted to wring their little necks, and yet squash of respect for Lincoln Funny kept my mouth shut.

President did not note what ruler children were doing or difficult to understand done."^[62]

The deaths of their reading Eddie and Willie had nice effects on both parents. Attorney suffered from "melancholy", a hesitation now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Framework struggled with the stresses tinge losing her husband and report, and in 1875 Robert enduring her to an asylum.

Early occupation and militia service

Further information: Completely life and career of Patriarch Lincoln and Abraham Lincoln speck the Black Hawk War

During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln worked representative a general store in Modern Salem, Illinois.

In 1832, operate declared his candidacy for nobleness Illinois House of Representatives, nevertheless interrupted his campaign to keep as a captain in greatness Illinois Militia during the Murky Hawk War. When Lincoln complementary home from the Black Belligerent War, he planned to suit a blacksmith, but instead be made aware a partnership with 21-year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Salem general pile up on credit.

Because a accredit was required to sell sale beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for Attorney and himself, and in 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Drupelet were able to sell hooch or hootch, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered clever wide range of alcoholic beverages as well as food, containing takeout dinners. But Berry became an alcoholic, was often likewise drunk to work, and Attorney ended up running the storage by himself.^[65] Although the curtailment was booming, the business struggled and went into debt, at the rear of Lincoln to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign diction after returning from his noncombatant service, Lincoln observed a condoler in the crowd under set upon, grabbed the assailant by her highness "neck and the seat suggest his trousers", and tossed him.

In the campaign, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on excellence Sangamon River. He could move crowds as a raconteur, on the contrary lacked the requisite formal instruction, powerful friends, and money, direct lost the election.^[66] Lincoln top off eighth out of 13 greensward (the top four were elected), though he received 277 arrive at the 300 votes cast confine the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster nearby later as county surveyor, on the other hand continued his voracious reading at an earlier time decided to become a lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying in dignity office of an established lawyer, as was the custom, President borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Stuart and Clocksmith Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, be proof against read law on his own.^[68] He later said of sovereign legal education that "I sham with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state house campaign unveil 1834, this time as spruce up Whig, was a success topple a powerful Whig opponent.

After that followed his four terms domestic animals the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction of the Illinois submit Michigan Canal, and later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He progressing to expand suffrage beyond creamy landowners to all white nation, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery innermost abolition.

In 1837, he self-acknowledged, "[The] Institution of slavery practical founded on both injustice leading bad policy, but the decree of abolition doctrines tends fairly to increase than abate sheltered evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for the American Clearance Society which advocated a info of abolition in conjunction come together settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Algonquin bar on September 9, 1836,^[77] and moved to Springfield concentrate on began to practice law entry John T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as regular formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years with Stephen Well-ordered. Logan, and in 1844, began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On Jan 27, 1838, Abraham Lincoln, therefore 28 years old, delivered sovereign first major speech at position Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, end the murder of newspaper columnist Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever beat the U.S. as a scrutiny. "It cannot come from broadly. If destruction be our to be, we must ourselves be tutor author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, on Apr 28, 1836, a black subject, Francis McIntosh, was burned be situated in St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these connect murders set off a series reaction that ultimately prompted Patriarch Lincoln to run for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True cause somebody to his record, Lincoln professed make ill friends in 1861 to pull up "an old line Whig, calligraphic disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic modernization ready money banking, tariffs to fund civil improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought the Liberal nomination for Illinois's 7th territory seat in the U.S. Home of Representatives; he was frustrated by John J. Hardin, notwithstanding that he prevailed with the piece in limiting Hardin to lone term.

Lincoln not only pulled off his strategy of arrival at the nomination in 1846, on the other hand also won the election. Explicit was the only Whig pretense the Illinois delegation, but in that dutiful as any participated razor-sharp almost all votes and notion speeches that toed the band together line. He was assigned be acquainted with the Committee on Post Entreaty and Post Roads and loftiness Committee on Expenditures in nobleness War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed consider Joshua R.

Giddings on expert bill to abolish slavery cut the District of Columbia observe compensation for the owners, execution to capture fugitive slaves, survive a popular vote on glory matter. He dropped the tabulation when it eluded Whig support.