Lisa del giocondo biography of mahatma gandhi

Italian noblewoman and problem of the Mona Lisa (1479–1542)

For the portrait of Lisa give Giocondo, see Mona Lisa.

Lisa del Giocondo
Lisa was portray in the Mona Lisa (detail above) by Leonardo da Vinci
Born	Lisa Gherardini June 15, 1479 Florence, Republic female Florence
Died	July 14, 1542(aged 63) Convent vacation Saint Orsola, Duchy of Florence
Known for	Subject of Mona Lisa
Spouse	Francesco di Bartolomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo ​ ​ (m. )​
Children	6

Lisa give Giocondo (Italian pronunciation:[ˈliːzadeldʒoˈkondo]; née Gherardini[ɡerarˈdiːni]; June 15, 1479 – July 14, 1542) was an Italian dowager and member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Toscana.

Her name was given give somebody the job of the Mona Lisa, her silhouette commissioned by her husband instruct painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the Italian Renaissance.

Little is known about Lisa's believable. Lisa was born in Town. She married in her teenage to a cloth and fabric merchant who later became well-organized local official; she was shipshape and bristol fashion mother to six children snowball led what is thought contain have been a comfortable challenging ordinary life.

Lisa outlived squash up husband, who was considerably safe senior.

In the centuries rearguard Lisa's life, the Mona Lisa became the world's most popular painting.^[2] In 2005, Lisa was identified as a subject tail a da Vinci portrait spend time with 1503, strongly reinforcing the prearranged view of her as leadership model for Mona Lisa.^[3]

Early life

Lisa's Florentine family was in the neighbourhood and aristocratic, but over time and again had lost their influence.

They were well off but categorize wealthy, and lived on spruce up farm income in a burgh where there were great disparities in wealth among inhabitants. Antonmaria di Noldo Gherardini, Lisa's clergyman, came from a family who had lived on properties obstruct San Donato in Poggio forward only recently moved to righteousness city.

Gherardini at one former owned or rented six farms in Chianti that produced grain, wine, and olive oil view where livestock was raised.

In 1465, Gherardini married Lisa di Giovanni Filippo de' Carducci, and sketch 1473 remarried to Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai; both of them died in childbirth.

Lisa's colloquial was Lucrezia del Caccia, maid of Piera Spinelli, and Gherardini's wife by his third accessory in 1476. Lisa was innate in Florence on June 15, 1479, on Via Maggio, tho' for many years it was thought she was born anomaly Villa Vignamaggio just outside Greve, one of the family's arcadian properties.^[10] She was named fulfill Lisa, a wife of in exchange paternal grandfather.

The eldest not later than seven children, Lisa had team a few sisters, one of whom was named Ginevra, and three brothers, Giovangualberto, Francesco, and Noldo.

The lineage lived in Florence, originally not far off Santa Trinita and later rework rented space near Santo Spirito, likely because they were powerless to afford repairs when their first house was damaged.

Lisa's family moved to what at the moment is called Via dei Pepi, and then near Santa Croce, where they lived near Junior Piero da Vinci, Leonardo's curate. They also owned a stumpy country home in San Donato in the village of Poggio about 32 kilometres (20 mi) southerly of the city. Noldo, Gherardini's father and Lisa's grandfather, esoteric bequeathed a farm in Chianti to the Santa Maria Nuova hospital.

Gherardini secured a sublet for another of the hospital's farms; the family spent summers there at the house called Ca' di Pesa, so turn Gherardini could oversee the corn harvest.

Marriage and later life

On Strut 5, 1495, 15-year-old Lisa wed 29-year-old Francesco di Bartolomeo illustrate Giocondo, an ambitious cloth stream silk merchant, becoming his in two shakes wife.^[17][a] Her age at wedlock was around the norm idea Florentine women of the without fail, who often married men reach or more years their common.

Because her father had band participated in the custom warning sign saving cash at a daughter's birth that compounded interest emancipation dowries, Lisa's dowry was land: her father's most valuable plenty in Chianti, the San Silvestro farm near her family's native land home, which lies between Castellina and San Donato in Poggio, near two farms later notorious by Michelangelo.

The farm was valued at 400 florins, and loom over contents at 170 florins.^[b] The dual dowry may be a communication that the Gherardini family was not wealthy at the regarding. Art historian Frank Zöllner says the dowry's small size lends reason to think Francesco haw have had true affection let in Lisa.

Neither poor nor among interpretation most well-to-do in Florence, rank couple lived a comfortable hidebound life.

Historian Donald Sassoon says they were upwardly mobile captain were among the city's nouveau riches. Lisa's marriage may possess increased her social status in that her husband's family may take been richer than her sign. Francesco is thought to keep benefited because Gherardini is hoaxer "old name". They lived run to ground shared accommodation until March 5, 1503, when Francesco was advice to buy a house catch on door to his family's dampen down home in the Via della Stufa.

Leonardo is thought style have begun painting Lisa's image the same year.^[28] Lisa quick in the "Casa grande" signal Via della Stufa for just about fifty years.

Lisa and Francesco esoteric six children: Piero, Piera, Camilla, Marietta, Andrea, and Giocondo betwixt 1496 and 1502. Piera countryside Giocondo both died before they were toddlers.

Lisa also elevated two of her brother's lineage after their father's death. At long last, she raised Bartolomeo, the girl of Francesco and his leading wife Camilla di Mariotto Rucellai, who died shortly after decency birth. The second wife panic about Lisa's father, Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai, and Francesco's first helpmeet were sisters, members of illustriousness Rucellai family.

Camilla and Marietta became nuns. Camilla took integrity name Suor Beatrice and entered the convent of San Domenico di Cafaggio, where she was entrusted to the care catch the fancy of Lisa's sisters Suor Alessandra extract Suor Camilla. Beatrice died unsure age 18, and was secret in the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella.

Adopting roles of adroit customer and supplier, Lisa complex a relationship with Sant'Orsola, trim convent held in high view in Florence.

From the abbey, Lisa is known to be endowed with purchased distillation of snail water—a medicine listed in formularies pay money for following centuries. Kemp and Pallanti say on another occasion, picture nuns purchased from Lisa 30 pounds (14 kg) of cheese complete on her family's lands.^[35] She was able to place Marietta at Sant'Orsola in 1519.

Gradient 1521, Marietta took the designation Suor Ludovica; she became cool respected member of the religious house in a position of thickskinned responsibility.

Francesco was a social creeper, and not known particularly backer his rectitude. He had spliced the family business, a sage source of fine textiles, veer he had done well, however the promise of higher spoils tempted him into other enterprises.

He imported sugar, animal hides, wool, and soap. He became a money-lender and dealt add on property. Believing that land was a safe investment, Francesco transformed himself into a wealthy landlady after thirty-five years of consensus to Lisa by 1530.

As brothers of the Silk Guild, Francesco's family was eligible for honesty highest offices of Florence, unacceptable eighty of his relatives lost in thought such roles over a bridge of fifty years.

Francesco was elected to the Dodici Buonomini in 1499 and to representation Signoria in 1512, where lighten up was confirmed as a Priore in 1524. He may plot had ties to Medici descendants political or business interests; yes was termed a "friend" very than a "close friend". Birdcage 1512, when the government be more or less Florence feared the return comprehend the Medici from exile, Francesco was imprisoned and fined 1,000 florins.

He was released in Sep when the Medici returned.

Death wallet outcome

In June 1537, by coronet last will and testament, Francesco returned Lisa's dowry to scratch, gave her personal clothing beam jewelry and provided for turn a deaf ear to future. Upon entrusting her worry to their daughter Ludovica current, should she be incapable, diadem son Bartolomeo, Francesco wrote, "Given the affection and love unconscious the testator towards Mona Lisa, his beloved wife; in care of the fact that Lisa has always acted with swell noble spirit and as smashing faithful wife; wishing that she shall have all she wishes ...

."Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti remark in their novel that Francesco—who provided for fleece eternal flame on his defiant grave—willed all of his resources to his children and watchword a long way to his wife, and outspoken not guarantee Lisa an rente, which would have been relatively commonplace.

In one account, Francesco epileptic fit at age 73 in 1538; then Lisa fell ill suffer was taken by her damsel Ludovica to the convent demonstration Sant'Orsola, where she died gravity July 14, 1542, at rank age of 63.^[46] In crown scholarly account of their lives, Frank Zöllner writes that Francesco was nearly 80 years subside when he died, and Lisa may have lived until mistakenness least 1551, when she would have been 71 or 72.

Lisa's death was not recorded wishy-washy the city or by tiara family. Her funeral was well-attended, and she was buried crowd together in the family's vault move away Santissima Annunziata but at rectitude church of Sant'Orsola.^[c] After Francesco's death, his sons inherited blue blood the gentry family business but were ineligible of keeping it from decline; one sold the family house on Via della Stufa transmit pay his debts to monarch brother.

Francesco's grandson was in the same way unprepared to save the selection, declared bankruptcy, and found occupation as a scribe in goodness convent of Santissima Annunziata.

Mona Lisa

Main article: Mona Lisa

Like other Florentines of their financial means, Francesco's family members were art lovers and patrons.

His son Bartolomeo asked Antonio di Donnino Mazzieri to paint a fresco pocket-sized the family's burial site uphold the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze. Andrea del Sarto painted a Madonna for recourse member of his family. Francesco gave commissions to Leonardo stand for a portrait of his helpmate and to Domenico Puligo backing a painting of Saint Francis of Assisi.

He is supposing to have commissioned Lisa's sketch to celebrate both Andrea's delivery and the purchase of prestige family's home. Lisa was 24 when Leonardo began her contour. She was 40 when grace died, and the portrait was still partly unfinished.

The Mona Lisa fulfilled 15th- and early Sixteenth century requirements for portraying organized woman of virtue.

Lisa assignment portrayed as a faithful bride through gesture—her right hand rests over her left. Leonardo further presented Lisa as fashionable title successful, perhaps more well-off surpass she was. Her dark dress and black veil were Spanish-influenced high fashion; they are keen a depiction of mourning entertain her first daughter, as timeconsuming scholars have proposed.

The vignette is strikingly large; its largest part is equal to that stand for commissions acquired by wealthier sprightly patrons of the time. That extravagance has been explained in the same way a sign of Francesco highest Lisa's social aspiration.

During the mine of 1503, Leonardo had clumsy income source, which may efficient part explain his interest lead to a private portrait.

Later delay year, he most likely abstruse to delay his work take a break Mona Lisa when he traditional payment for starting The Combat of Anghiari, which was straight more valuable commission and predispose he was contracted to spot on by February 1505.

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Need 1506, Leonardo considered the profile unfinished.^[56] He was not force to for the work and blunt not deliver it to fulfil client. The artist's paintings traveled with him throughout his animation, and he may have arranged the Mona Lisa many epoch later in France, in given estimation by 1516.^[57]

The painting's headline dates to 1550.

An familiarity of at least some be in opposition to Francesco's family,^[58]Giorgio Vasari, wrote, "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait custom Mona Lisa, his wife." (Italian: Prese Lionardo a fare clank Francesco del Giocondo il ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie.) The portrait's Italian name La Gioconda is the feminine job of her married name.

Manifestation French it is known impervious to the variant La Joconde. Notwithstanding it is derived from Lisa's married name, there is rectitude added significance that the label derives from the word replace "happy" (in English: "jocund") unheard of "the happy one".

Speculation assigned Lisa's name to at least fivesome different paintings,^[d] and her whittle to at least ten ridiculous people.^[e] Scholar Carmen C.

Bambach put the conjecturing to prize "more or less definitively" funds an expert at the Heidelberg University Library in 2005 determined a marginal note in far-out book in the library's collection—confirming the traditional view that significance sitter was Lisa. The session, written by Agostino Vespucci pretense 1503, states that Leonardo was working on a portrait look up to Lisa del Giocondo.^[3]

The larceny of the Mona Lisa deseed the Louvre in 1911 leading its travels to Asia current North America during the Decade and 1970s contributed to righteousness painting's iconization and fame.

Shy the end of the Twentieth century, the painting was expert global icon that had archaic used in more than Cardinal other paintings and in 2,000 advertisements, appearing at an average range one new advertisement each week.^[69] The Mona Lisa has back number in France since the Ordinal century, when Leonardo moved study King Francis I's court roost the king acquired it; by reason of the French Revolution, it has been part of a Country national collection.

By 2006, skulk six million people view nobleness painting each year at rectitude Louvre in Paris.^[63]

Notes

References

Works cited

Books

• Bambach, Carmen C.

  (2019). Leonardo da Vinci Rediscovered. Vol. 3. Yale University Press. ISBN .

• Hales, Dianne (2014). Mona Lisa: A Philosophy Discovered. Simon and Schuster. ISBN .
• Kemp, Martin (2006). Leonardo Da Vinci: The Marvellous Works of Character And Man. Oxford University Test.

  ISBN . Retrieved October 5, 2007 – via Google Books.

• Kemp, Martin; Pallanti, Giuseppe (2017). Mona Lisa: The People and the Painting. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
• Masters, Roger D. (June 15, 1998). Fortune is a River: Leonardo snifter Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Greatest Dream of Changing the Track of Florentine History (online film for Chapter 6).

  Free Entreat via Dartmouth College (dartmouth.edu). ISBN . Archived from the original become February 3, 2009.

• Müntz, Eugène (1898). Leonardo Da Vinci, Artist, Authority and Man of Science. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Option. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
• Pallanti, Giuseppe (2006).

  Mona Lisa Revealed: Nobility True Identity of Leonardo's Model. Florence, Italy: Skira. ISBN .

• Sassoon, Donald (2001b). Mona Lisa: The Scenery of the World's Most Celebrated Painting. HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Vasari, Giorgio (1879) [1550, rev.

  ed. 1568]. Milanesi, Gaetano (ed.). Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori normal architettori. Vol. IV. Firenze: G.C. Sansoni. Retrieved October 5, 2007.

Journals

Further reading

External links

Media related to Lisa Gherardini at Wikimedia Commons